Laws of Inheritance
Non-Mendelian
Mendelian Punnetts
Pedigrees
Genetic Terms
100
Who is the father of genetics that came up with the laws of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
100
What type of inheritance involves multiple dominant alleles?
Codominance
100
What do punnett squares predict?
The probability of the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
100
What does the circle in a pedigree represent?
Female
100
What is an allele?
An allele is an alternate version of a gene.
200
What is the principle that states that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation?
Law of segregation
200
What type of inheritance determines the height of an individual?
Polygenic Inheritance
200
If a homozygous dominant plant (TT) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (tt), what will be the genotype of the offspring?
100% heterozygous
200
What is the benefit of a pedigree in human genetics?
Trace the inheritance of traits and genetic disorders through generations.
200
What is homozygous?
Two identical alleles for a particular gene
300
Define dominance in the context of allele expression
The dominant allele will be expressed over the recessive allele if heterozygous
300
When a white cow breeds with a red cow, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
100% roan
300
In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
300
What does the line connecting two shapes represent?
A marriage/mating
300
What is a carrier?
Individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not exhibit the trait (sickle cell trait)
400
What is the law that explains how different traits are inherited independently?
Law of Independent Assortment
400
When a red flower breeds with a white flower, a pink flower is produced. When a pink flower crosses with a pink flower, what is the phenotypic ratio?
1 red : 2 pink : 1 white
400
Explain the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross
A monohybrid cross involves one trait, while a dihybrid cross involves two traits (e.g., TtRr x TtRr).
400
If this trait is autosomal recessive, what is the genotype of individual III-3?
Individual III-3 must be heterozygous (carrier). They are a child of an affected individual, the recessive trait must have been inherited.
400
When neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
500
What is the difference between the genotype and the phenotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., TT, Tt, tt), while a phenotype is the observable traits (e.g., tall or short plant).
500
If an individual with type A blood (IA x i) mates with an individual with Type AB blood, what is the genotypic ratio?
1 IA x IA : 1 IA x i : 1 IB x i : 1 IA x IB
500
What are the expected genotypic ratios for a cross between one heterozygous individual and one homozygous recessive individual? (Use T/t)
2 Tt: 2 tt
500
How can you determine if a trait is x-linked recessive?
Looking at the percentage of males that are affected; if more than 50% then it is x-linked recessive
500
What is gene-linkage?
When both genes are likely to be inherited together due to how close they are to each other on a chromosome