Vocabulary
Different versions of a gene are called ___________ and you get one from each parent.
Alleles
What are punnett squares used for?
They allow you to calculate the probability that offspring will inherit a given trait from their parents.
What are pedigrees used for?
A visual representation of a family's genetic history, used to track the inheritance of traits or diseases across generations
How does protein affect muscle size?
Protein provides amino acids that the body uses to repair and rebuild muscle fibers
Draw the correct positional order of the sun, moon, and Earth during a lunar eclipse.
Sun ---> Earth ---> Moon
A segment of DNA is called a ___________.
Gene
Fill in the blank:
The combination of alleles is called a _____________.
____________ is the observable characteristics/traits of an organism.
Genotype; phenotype.
Why are keys and legends used on pedigrees?
To help the user understand the meaning of colors or symbols on a chart, map, or other visual representation.
True or false -
Cows become heavily muscled because they eat more protein and exercise more than typical muscled cows.
What is the main cause of seasons?
The Earth's tilt on its axis
DNA copying errors are called ______________.
Mutations
Write the correct names for the 3 possible genotypes below:
AA __________________
Aa __________________
aa __________________
Homozygous dominant;
heterozygous;
homozygous recessive
What does a square represent?
What does a circle represent?
Male; female
What impacts muscle growth more - eating protein or exercising?
Exercise
True or False:
The closer we are to the sun, the hotter the weather.
False
Nutrients that your body uses to build and repair muscles, tissues, and cells. They are made of smaller parts called amino acids and are found in foods like meat, eggs, beans, and nuts.
Proteins
Fill in the blank:
____________ alleles mask or hide ___________ alleles.
Dominant; recessive.
What cattle phenotype is represented by a
Black shaded shape?
Un-shaded shape?
Gray-shaded shape?
Heavily muscled; typical muscled; medium muscled
Explain what happens during intense exercise to the muscle fibers.
Intense exercise causes micro tears in the muscle fibers which are rebuilt into stronger and thicker fibers.
If it is autumn in the southern hemisphere, what season is it in the northern hemisphere?
Spring
A thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins, found within the nucleus of a cell, that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromosome
Complete a punnett square for a homozygous recessive male parent and a heterozygous female parent. B - red hair, b - brown hair. What percentage will have brown hair?
See white board for explanation.
A gray circle represents what kind of cattle?
Medium muscled female.
What do the proteins myosin and actin do during muscle contraction?
They slide past each other to make muscles shorten and contract.
Name all 8 lunar phases in order starting with a new moon.
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent