Genetics
In the translation of mRNA to protein, this hypothesis explains why there are 61 codons for amino acids but often fewer than 45 unique tRNA molecules, specifically focusing on the non-standard base pairing at the 3' end of the codon.
What is the Crick (or wobble) hypothesis?
It tells CRISPR where to cut in the genome.
What is RNA?
A benefit of epigenetic modification
What is doesn't change the DNA sequence?
These are used by scientists and researchers to calculate or predict the chemical structures and properties of a given DNA sequence without going into a wet lab.
What are Computer Simulations?
Sickle Cell Anemia mostly affects what cell.
What is red blood cell?
If a trait (like brown eyes) completely covers up another trait (like blue eyes), the brown eye trait is called this.
What is Dominant?
What CRISPR stores so that bacteria can recognize a virus if it attacks again.
What is viral DNA?
The epigenetic modification of genes through methyl groups.
What is DNA methylation?
This is the specific folding process that computer algorithms like Alphafold try to predict based on genetic sequence
what is protein folding?
Sickle Cell Anemia is a Recessive disorder. This means that the child must inherit the mutated gene from how many parents to have this disease.
What is 2 (both parents)?
These X-shaped structures are found inside the nucleus of a cell and act as "packages" for your DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of them.
What are Chromosomes?
A species CRISPR is working to bring back.
What is a wooly mammoth or dire wolf?
What is fetal hemoglobin?
This "energy" value is calculated by computers to determine if a CRISPR-Cas9 edit will stay attached to the target gene or if it will be unstable and fail.
What is Binding Energy (Gibbs Free Energy)?
According to the CDC, this was the estimated range of people living with Sickle Cell disease in the DR CONGO.
what is ~600,000 to 1,000,000
In most living things, we get this percentage of the DNA from each parent.
what is 50%
A tool cas-9 can be compared to.
What is scissors?
The name of the promoter in which methyl groups are removed from to treat sickle cell anemia
What is gamma-globin promoter
This is the most common way a computer "tests" a drug. It involves taking a 3D model of a drug molecule and a 3D model of a protein (like hemoglobin) and seeing how well they fit together, much like a key fits into a lock.
What is Molecular Docking?
Variations in the BCL11A gene are often studied because they act as a "silencer" for this specific type of hemoglobin, which can prevent sickling.
What if HbF (fetal hemoglobin)
What is DNA made of?
What is deoxyribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base?
What is a bacterial immune system?
The process where chemical groups affect the wrapping of DNA around structural proteins.
What is histone modification?
This specific computer system mentioned on the poster revolutionized genetics by using "deep learning" to predict the 3D shapes of proteins based solely on their genetic code.
What is Alphafold3
What mutation (specific chromosmal location) causes the Red Blood Cell to structurally change and become into the sickle shape? (extra points for specific amino acid change)
What is single point mutation in the HBB gene on chromosome 11
GAG to GTG Substitution