Pheno vs. Geno
Dominant vs. Recessive
The X-Factor
Blood Chemistry
The Clumping Test
Pedigree Sleuth
100
This term describes the physical appearance or visible expression of a trait (e.g., "Blue eyes").
Phenotype
100
If a trait is Dominant, can there ever be a "carrier" for that trait? (Yes or No)
No (if you have one dominant allele, you show it)
100
Because they only have one X chromosome, males need this many copies of an X-linked recessive allele to express the trait.
One (Xh Y)
100
These markers are found on the surface of the red blood cells, determining your blood type.
Antigens
100
If you have one A allele and one B allele, this is your resulting blood type.
AB
100
In a pedigree, if a trait "skips a generation," it is most likely this type of inheritance.
Recessive
200
If a student says an organism is a "carrier," are they describing the organism's phenotype or its genotype?
Genotype
200
To express an autosomal recessive trait, an individual must inherit exactly this many recessive alleles.
Two (rr)
200
Females need this many copies of an X-linked recessive allele to actually show the trait/disorder.
Two (Xh Xh)
200
These specific proteins are found floating in the plasma of the blood to fight off foreign invaders.
Antibodies
200
In a blood typing test, "agglutination" is the scientific term for this visible reaction.
Clumping
200
If every affected child has at least one affected parent, the trait is likely inherited this way.
Dominant
300
What is the genotype of a carrier?
Heterozygous (Rr)
300
If a trait is recessive, an individual with the genotype Rr is referred to as this.
Carrier
300
Affected female is an example of a phenotype or genotype?
phenotype
300
A person with Type AB blood can receive blood from these donor types (list all).
A, B, AB, and O (Universal Recipient)
300
Agglutination occurs when the ________ in the testing serum attack the ________ on the red blood cells.
Antibodies attack Antigens
300
If a pedigree shows significantly more affected males than females, the trait is likely this.
X-linked recessive
400
Explain why "Carrier" is not a phenotype by describing what is expressed.
They "dominant" allele will be expressed because the recessive allele is masked.
400
In a complete dominance cross between two carriers (Rr x Rr), this is the probability (%) the offspring will express the recessive trait.
25%
400
True or False: A father can pass an X-linked recessive trait directly to his son.
False (he gives the son a Y)
400
This blood type is known as the "Universal Donor" because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens.
O-negative
400
If a blood sample clumps with Anti-A and Anti-Rh but NOT with Anti-B, what is the exact blood type?
A+
400
To prove a trait is recessive using a pedigree, you should look for two unaffected parents who have this.
An affected child
500
True or False: If a trait is inherited as X-linked dominant, a heterozygous genotype will be a carrier.
False
500
If two parents both show a dominant phenotype but have a recessive child, what must the genotypes of both parents be?
Both must be Heterozygous
500
Why are females often "carriers" while males are simply "affected" or "unaffected"?
Females have two X's so if the trat is X-linked recessive, the recessive allele can be masked by a dominant allele. Males only have one X chromosome, so nothing to mask a recessive allele.
500
If you have Type B+ blood, you have B antigens on your cells and these specific antibodies in your plasma.
Anti-A and Anti-Rh
500
Identify the blood type and list which antigens are present.
AB+ (A, B, and Rh antigens present)
500
If a father has an X-linked dominant trait, what percentage of his daughters will also have the trait?
100% (he gives his only X to all daughters)
600
In Incomplete Dominance, the heterozygous genotype results in this type of phenotype.
A "blended" or phenotype.
600
The number of recessive alleles needed for a male vs. a female in an X-linked recessive trait.
Males need 1, females need 2
600
If a mother is a carrier for colorblindness and the father is unaffected, what is the inheritance pattern for this trait?
X-linked recessive
600
This is the specific reason why a person with Type O blood cannot receive Type A blood.
Their Anti-A antibodies will attack the A antigens.
600
If a blood sample shows no clumping in any well (Anti-A, Anti-B, or Anti-Rh), identify the blood type.
O-
600
How can you rule out X-linked recessive inheritance in this specific chart?
An affected female has an unaffected father.