The Basics (Vocabulary)
This term describes the physical characteristics or "outward appearance" of an organism.
What is a PHENOTYPE?
True or False: A heterozygous individual will always show the dominant trait.
What is TRUE?
This type of allele always shows up if it is present, even if there is only one copy.
What is DOMINANT?
This "Father of Genetics" used pea plants to discover these patterns.
Who is GREGOR MENDEL?
This molecule carries the genetic instructions for all living things.
What is DNA?
This term refers to the specific genetic makeup or "code" of an organism (ex. BB or Bb).
What is a GENOTYPE?
If an organism has two of the exact same alleles (like XX or xx), it is called _______________.
What is HOMOZYGOUS?
We use this type of letter to represent a dominant allele.
What is a CAPITAL LETTER?
A Punnett Square shows the ___________ of an offspring having a certain trait.
What is the PROBABILITY or CHANCE?
These are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus that contain our DNA.
What is CHROMOSOMES?
The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
What is GENETICS?
If an organism has two different alleles (like Xx), it is called _____________.
What is HETEROZYGOUS?
We use this type of letter to represent a recessive allele.
What is a LOWERCASE LETTER?
If you cross TT x tt, what percentage of the offspring will be Tt?
What is 100%?
A specific segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
What is a GENE?
This type of trait only shows up if the organism has two copies of it; it "hides" in the background.
What is RECESSIVE?
This term specifically describes a genotype with two capital letters (like BB).
What is HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT?
In a Bb genotype, which allele is being expressed in the phenotype?
What is the DOMINANT ALLELE or CAPITAL LETTER?
In a cross of Bb x Bb, what is the probability of the offspring showing the recessive phenotype?
What is 25%?
If a tall plant (T) is dominant to a short plant (t), what is the phenotype of a Tt plant?
What is TALL?
A different form or "version" of a single gene.
What is an ALLELE?
This term specifically describes a genotype with two lowercase letters (like bb).
What is HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE?
Why does a bb genotype look different than a Bb genotype?
Because there is no dominant allele to mask the recessive ones.
If the mother is homozygous recessive and the father is heterozygous, what are the two possible genotypes for the kids?
What is *any letter* Aa or aa?
If two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed baby, both parents must be ___________.
What is HETEROZYGOUS or CARRIERS?