MY TOE SIS
PEAS
DNA Replication: Low-key Just Copy-Pasting
The Information Flow
Follow the characteristic
100
What are the 3 reasons cells divide?
GROW
safelite REPAIR safelite REPLACE
100
What is a genotype?
What is a phenotype?
Genotype: GENES-- Genetic Makeup
Phenotype: PHYSICAL characteristics
100
Three tasks of DNA!
Store
Copy
Express
100
What type of RNA contain a copy of the instructions that a gene has in the form of codons?
mRNA
MESSENGER
100
If someone's karyotype is 22 autosomal chromosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome, what would we call them?
A biological male
200
What happens during the S phase?
Part of interphase-- DNA duplication!
200
In the correct order, tell me the names for the following genotypes:
AA, Aa, aa
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
200
What is the difference between DNA in eukaryotic cells versus prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic (YOU!): DNA stored in the nucleus
Prokaryotic: DNA stored in the cytoplasm
200
What does 'synthesis' mean?
To make or create!
200
Give me 2 examples of a mutagen!
Smoke, UV rays, radiation, etc.
300
How many cells are produced at the end of mitosis and are they haploid or diploid? What about at the end of meiosis?
Mitosis: 1 --> 2, Diploid cells
Meiosis: 1 --> 4, Haploid cells
300
Dd x Dd
What percentage of the offspring will have the same genotype as the parents? What percentage will have the same phenotype as the parents?
Dd x Dd = DD, Dd, Dd, dd
So, 50% will be Dd
and 75% will have the same phenotype (dominant) as the parents
300
Given the below DNA strand, tell me the complementary DNA strand
T A C G C G T A A
T = A AND C = G
A T G C G C A T T
300
RNA is made from a DNA template. This process is called...
transcription
300
There can be more than one “form” of a gene. These different forms of genes are called....
Alleles
400
Name three differences between asexual and sexual reproduction!
Asexual: 1 parent, genetically identical offspring, many offspring in a short period of time, difficulty adapting in changing environments
Sexual: 2 parents, 50% genetics from each parent, very genetically diverse offspring that are capable of adapting in changing environments
400
Name at least two reasons Mendel chose pea plants as a model?
1. Easy to grow
2. Lots of traits
3. Hundreds of offspring
4. Small plants, capable of growing lots in a small space
400
What is the difference between the nucleotides that make up DNA versus that of RNA?
DNA has T (tyrosine)
RNA has U (uracil)
400
PULL OUT YOUR CODON CHARTS! Given the following DNA strand, tell me the mRNA strand and the amino acid chain!
TAC CAG CAT TGC
DNA: TAC CAG CAT TGC
mRNA: AUG GUC GUA ACG
Chain: Met-Val-Val-Thr
400
If a genetic disorder is caused by an allele located on the Y chromosome, how is this disorder inherited? I.e. what parent to what child?
Father to Son
500
Name the 3 phases of interphase and the 4 phases of mitosis!
G1, S, G2
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
500
The dominant petal color for a flower is red. A heterozygous red flower is crossed with a white flower. Draw the correct punnet square.
Hetero = different, Rr
white-- homozygous recessive, rr
R r
r Rr rr
r Rr rr
500
Changes to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or chromosomes is referred to as...
Mutations!
500
On your whiteboard, draw the route information travels, starting from the DNA.
Use the words: Nucleus, translation, mRNA, tRNA, amino acid, rRNA, transcription, ribosome, and protein
DNA (in nucleus) through process of transcription copied to mRNA, mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome (made up of rRNA) where translation occurs, coding for specific amino acids, that are brought by the tRNA to make proteins!
500
Looking at the pedigree below, with the understanding that short eyelashes are a recessive trait which generations have heterozygous family members?
Generation 1 -- Both have to be Ee
Generation 2 -- At least one must be Ee
Generation 3 -- 2/3 members are Ee