Mendelian Basics
The term used to describe an organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait (e.g., Bb)
What is heterozygous?
This type of inheritance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a third phenotype that is a "blend".
What is incomplete dominance?
In this type of inheritance, both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, often appearing as spots or patterns.
What is codominance?
In a standard pedigree chart, this geometric shape is used to represent a male.
What is a square?
This is the physical appearance or outward expression of a genetic trait, such as "frizzy feathers" or "red eyes"
What is a phenotype?
In certain flowers, crossing a blue parent with a red parent produces this color offspring.
What is purple?
An Appaloosa horse with brown spots on a white coat is a classic example of this genetic pattern.
What is codominance?
If a shape on a pedigree is shaded or filled in, it means that individual possesses this.
What is the trait (or phenotype) being studied?
For a recessive trait to be expressed in an individual's phenotype, their genotype must be this.
What is homozygous recessive?
If curly hair and straight hair follow incomplete dominance, this is the phenotype of the heterozygous individual.
What is wavy hair?
This specific human trait is a well-known example of codominance because both the A and B antigens are expressed.
What is Type AB blood?
If two parents who do not show a trait have a child who does, the trait must follow this inheritance pattern.
What is recessive?
This famous scientist showed that traits are controlled by two inherited elements rather than just blending together from parents.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
In mice, crossing a black-furred parent (BB) and a white-furred parent (WW) results in 100% of the offspring having this phenotype.
What is gray fur?
Crossing a black chicken with a white chicken results in this specific "checkered" or spotted feather pattern.
What is Erminette (or black and white spotted)?
If a trait appears in every single generation of a large family tree, it is most likely this type of trait.
What is dominant?
If you cross a heterozygous parent (Bb) with a homozygous recessive parent (bb), this is the percentage of offspring expected to show the recessive trait.
What is 50%?
When crossing two purple "Ocean Roses" (Rr X Rr), this is the resulting phenotypic ratio of Blue : Purple : Red.
What is 1:2:1?
If you cross two spotted "Bosco" cows (Bb x Bb), this is the probability of having a calf that is purely red.
What is 25%?
This is the term for a heterozygous individual who carries a recessive gene but does not show the trait themselves.
What is a carrier?