Genetics
Who is the “Father of Genetics”
Gregor Mendel
What is a pedigree table?
A pedigree table is a chart that shows the genetic relationships between the members of a family.
Name given to a small segment of DNA that carries the protein building instructions for one particular characteristic.
Gene
The type of inheritance where the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. There will be a blending in the phenotype of the offspring as when red flowers bred to white flowers produce pink flowers.
Incomplete Dominance
The genetic make up of an organism is called its _____?
What the organism looks like is called its _______?
Genotype
and
Phenotype
What is Genetics the study of?
Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
In a Pedigree Chart
What do squares represent?
What do circles represent?
Squares - Male
Circles - Female
A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another is called a?
Trait
The type of inheritance where two alleles of a gene are dominant, and both will be expressed in the phenotype of the offspring.
Codominance
If two parents are heterozygous for a trait (Hh), what genotypes would you expect in their offspring? use percentages.
You would expect
25% HH, 50% Hh, and 25% hh
What does the word Heredity mean?
Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
A half-shaded symbol in a pedigree represents a heterozygous carrier of a genetic trait. These individuals are unaffected by the condition.
Different versions of a gene that produce distinguishable traits in offspring are called?
Alleles
True or False
The term "phenotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while "genotype" refers to its physical appearance.
False
The term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while "phenotype" refers to its physical appearance.
What do the letters on top and to the left side of a Punnett square represent?
What do the letters inside a Punnett square represent?
The letters on top and on the left side of the diagram represent the parents.
The letters inside the diagram represent the possible genotypes of the offspring.
What term means that an organism has two of the same allele for a trait?
and
What term means that an organism has two different alleles for a trait?
homozygous
and
heterozygous
What is a Autosomal Dominant Trait?
If one parent has the trait, there is a 50% chance it will pass to each child, regardless of gender.
How many alleles are required for a trait to appear in the offspring?
and
Where do these alleles come from?
Two alleles are required for each trait.
and
These alleles come from the parents – one allele from the Mom and one allele from the Dad.
A mother has type A blood (IAi) and a father has type B blood (IBi). Which blood types are possible for their children?
(Plug into a punnet square)
Blood Types A, B, AB & O
25% of each.
A woman who is a carrier for the recessive disorder, sickle cell anemia (Rr) marries a man who is normal (RR). What is the chance that any of their offspring will have the disease?
There is a 0% chance of producing a child with the disease.
What plant was Gregor Mendel observing?
Pea Plants
In a pedigree chart, a fully shaded circle (female) or square (male) indicates that the individual expresses or is "affected" by the specific trait, genetic disorder, or phenotype being tracked.
If parents have the genotype Aa & Aa, how many different allele combinations could this parent pass to its offspring?
(Plug into a punnett square)
There would be three different combinations of alleles that could be passed on to offspring:
AA
Aa
aa
Does blood type follow an incomplete or codominance pattern?
Explain.
It follows a Codominant pattern. For example, blood type AB has both the A and B antigen.
Flower color in some plants is incompletely dominant. What type of offspring would be expected if a red-flowered plant (RRRR) were bred to a pink-flowered plant (RRRW)?
and
What is the probability of getting white-flowered plants (RWRW) in the offspring?
½ of the offspring would have red flowers, and ½ of the offspring would have pink flowers.
and
There is no chance of getting white flowering plants in the offspring.