Gene Vocabulary
Genes code for these -physical characteristics or ...
Traits
This kind of gene always shows itself over a recessive gene.
Dominant Gene
This type of reproduction requires only 1 parent.
asexual reproduction
a random change in an organism’s DNA
mutation
Black fur is dominant (B) to yellow fur (b). What genotype(s) would the offspring be if a heterozygous guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous recessive guinea pig?
Bb, bb
The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called.
Heredity
Organisms that have two of the same genes are called...
Homozygous
Describe the traits of an offspring from sexual reproduction
The offspring will have a mix of traits, 50% from each parents. They have genetic variation.
An organisms physical appearance, such as having a pointy nose
Phenotype
Purple flowers are dominant (R) to white flowers (r). A homozygous dominant flower is crossed with a heterozygous flower. What is the probability the offspring will be purple?
100%
Chromosomes are made up of _______.
DNA
Organisms that have two different genes for the same trait are called...
heterozygous
One of two or more forms of a particular gene (the options for a gene).
Allele
The two letter code that describes an organisms genes. (AA or Aa)
Genotype
TT, Tt, tt
Where are chromosomes located?
Nucleus
A tool scientists use to predict what offspring may look like...
Punnett Square
Gene that is hidden when the dominant gene is present
Recessive
Father of Genetics, studied peas
A grey fur dog (Gg) is crossed with a black fur dog (gg).
Complete the Punnett Square and list all possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring with their probability percentage.
Genotype - Phenotype - Percentage
Gg - Grey fur - 50%
gg - Black fur - 50%
Having Freckles (F) is dominant over not having Freckles (f). If a person who is heterozygous has children with a person who is also homozygous recessive, what is the probability that their children will have Freckles?
50%
Right-handedness (R) is dominant over left-handedness (r). If a person who is heterozygous has children with a person who is also heterozygous, what would be their children’s possible genotypes?
RR, Rr, rr
A structure made of coiled DNA that transfers hereditary information to the next generation.
Chromosome
Create a table for sexual and asexual reproduction.
List an advantages and disadvantages of each.
Sexual- Genetic variation, more likely to survive, slow reproduction, takes more energy.
Asexual- Identical to parent, requires less energy, reproduces quickly, killed more easily due to environmental changes and disease.
Two heterozygous curly haired guinea pigs are crossed. (Straight hair is recessive (b)). Determine all possible genotypes and phenotypes for their offspring and their percentages.
Genotype - phenotype - percentage
BB - Curly hair - 25%
Bb - Curly Hair - 50%
bb - Straight Hair - 25%