Genes 1
According to evolutionary theory, what is the primary drive of all organisms?
To survive, reproduce, and pass on genes
What percentage of genetic similarity do monozygotic twins share?
100%
Which allele of the 5HTT gene is considered the "normal" type?
The long allele
What is a genetic predisposition?
An increased likelihood of developing a characteristic
What is differential fitness?
Different degrees of adaptation to environment within species
In Kendler's twin study, what was the estimated heritability of Major Depressive Disorder?
38%
According to the Diathesis-Stress Model, what is required for mental health disorders to manifest?
Genetic predisposition and stressful life events
How much genetic material do ordinary siblings share?
50%
In the Ronay and von Hippel study, what was measured to assess risk-taking behavior?
Number of aborted tricks
What is the main criticism of the "equal environment" assumption in twin studies?
MZ twins tend to share more similar environments than DZ twins
In Caspi's study, which group showed the most symptoms of depression?
Those with two short alleles
What was controlled in the Wedekind T-shirt study?
All non-bodily odors including perfume, food, and smoking
What is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) primarily responsible for?
Immune system function
What percentage of grandchildren showed signs of psychiatric disorder by age 12 in Weismann's study?
59.2%
What percentage of the population in collectivist East Asian countries carried the short allele of 5HTT?
80%
According to sexual selection theory, what is the primary basis for human mating behavior?
Survival benefit
In Wedekind's T-shirt study, when were women tested for odor preferences?
During their second week of menstruation
What is gene expression?
Whether inherited genes are switched on or off
Why did collectivist cultures show lower depression rates despite higher genetic susceptibility?
Stronger social support and group harmony
What role does testosterone play in male behavior according to the skateboarding study?
Increases dominance and status-seeking behaviors