These are the different forms of the gene for a given trait. For example, the trait for eye color can come in the forms of brown eyes and blue eyes.
What are alleles?
100
This is the base-pairing rule for DNA. (Which nitrogenous base pairs with which?)
What is A pairs with T, G pairs with C?
100
This is the nitrogenous base in RNA that replaces Thymine in the nucleic acid sequence.
What is U (uracil)?
100
This enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence so that the DNA can be separated and analyzed OR a new gene can be inserted.
What is a restriction enzyme?
100
This is the genotype for a normal healthy male.
What is XY?
200
This is the physical characteristic expressed by the gene.
What is phenotype?
200
This is the organelle where DNA is contained inside the cell.
What is the nucleus?
200
This is a 3 letter "word" in the mRNA sequence that codes for a particular amino acid. For example, AUG --> Met
What is a codon?
200
This lab technique uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments according to size, with the smaller pieces moving farther than the larger ones.
What is gel electrophoresis?
200
This type of mutation is caused by adding extra nucleotides into a DNA sequence. For example, ATGC-->ATGAC
What is insertion?
300
These individuals are also known as hybrids because they contain different alleles for a trait. For example, a person with a brown-eye allele (B) and blue-eye allele (b) resulting in the genotype (Bb).
What is heterozygous?
300
During DNA replication, this enzyme reads a template DNA strand and uses the rules of base pairing to construct the complementary strand.
What is DNA polymerase?
300
This type of RNA moves amino acids to the ribosome for translation and protein synthesis.
What is tRNA (transfer RNA)?
300
This type of DNA is created by combining two different sources of genetic material. For example, inserting the human insulin gene into a bacterial chromosome, so the bacteria produce insulin.
What is recombinant DNA?
300
These are transgenic plants and animals that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering. For example, crops that have been given a gene for drought resistance.
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
400
In this pattern of inheritance, there is a blending of the two alleles. For example, a red and white flower result in pink flowers.
What is incomplete dominance?
400
These are the 3 parts of the nucleotide, which make up a nucleic acid.
What are the phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base?
400
These are the terms for the process by which RNA is created from DNA and the enzyme that does the job.
What is transcription and RNA polymerase?
400
This process involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell, inserting the nucleus from a donor, and placing the new embryo into a uterus. The resulting baby will be genetically identical to the donor.
What is cloning?
400
This is the percentage of cytosine contained in a DNA sample that is 20% Adenine.
What is 30% Cytosine?
500
In this pattern of inheritance, both alleles are expressed at the same time. For example, people with AB blood type contain both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.
What is codominance?
500
This is what the abbreviation DNA stands for.
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
500
Using the genetic code, this is the amino acid sequence obtained when translating the following mRNA sequence: GUG CAU UGA
What is Val His Stop?
500
This is the process of changing a gene to treat a medical disorder or disease. For example, removing the gene for sickle-cell and replacing it with the normal red blood cell gene.
What is gene therapy?
500
She is the scientist whose X-ray diffraction image helped Watson and Crick determine the structure of DNA.