Gregor Mendel(11.1/11.2)
What is a hybrid?
Offspring crosses between [Arents with different genes( example yellow x blue)
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
Incomplete dominance blends the two genes (ex. Pink flower from red and white flower)
Codominance has both allleles clearly expressed (ex. Specked red and white chicken from a red parent and a white parent chicken)
What is the role of DNA in heredity?
DNA that makes up genes must be capable of storing, copying, and transmitting the genetic information to the cell.
What are the chemical components of DNA?
Definition of genetics
science of heredity
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
heterozygous has two different alleles for a specific gene like Tt and Homozygous has two identical alleles in a gene like TT.
Incomplete dominance
What role did bacterial viruses play in identifying genetic material?
Hershey and Chase's experiment with bacteriophages confirmed Avery's results, convincing many scientists that DNA was the genetic material found in genes not just viruses and bacteria, but all living cells.
What clues helped scientists solve the structure of DNA?
The cules in Franklins's X-ray pattern enabled Watson and Crick to build a model that explained the specific structure and properties of DNA.
What is a polygenic trait?
Traits controlled by more than two genes.
In a parent pea plant with the allele pair Gg, what is the probability one gamete will contain the G allele?
50% or 1/2
What kind of outcome traits can mendel's experiment not predict? list 2 of the 4
Codominance
multiple alleles
incomplete dominance
polygenic traits
What clues did bacterial transformation yeild about the gene?
By observing bacterial transformation, Avery and other scientists descovered that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next.
What did the double-helix model tell us about DNA?
The double-helix model explains Chargaff's rule of base pairing and how the two strands of DNA are held together.
Define Bacteriophage
A kind of virus that infects bacteria
What is the probability of a homozygous offspring? Why?
Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. what phase of meiosis?
Metaphase I
What is the foremost job of DNA?
What role does DNA polymerase in copying DNA?
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA
What is base pairing?
The fit of A-T and G-C nucleotides.
The units that determine the inheritance of biological characteristics are?
Genes
Each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous. What phase of meiosis?
Prophase I
The molecular cause of transformation is what?
Determine which molecule in the heat killed bacteria was most important for transformation
How does DNA replication different in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic- cells start from a single point and proceeds in two different until then entire chriosome is copied
Eukaetotic- replication may being at dozen or even hunders of places on the DNA molecules, proceeding in both directions until each chomosome is completely copied
Explain DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase is and enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA.