Vocab
This is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
What is genetics?
This is a nickname for Gregor Mendel.
What is "Father of Genetics"?
This is what DNA stand for.
deoxyribonucleic acid
This is the first step of transforming DNA to build the proteins for our bodies to function.
BONUS: why is this important?
What is, the two strand of DNA separate and only a section of one strand of DNA is read.
BONUS: DNA is unable to leave the nucleus
In a group of dachshund dogs, some individuals have rough fur and others have soft fur. In this group, the gene for the fur texture trait has two alleles. The allele F is for rough fur, and the allele f is for soft fur.
Poochie, a dachshund dog from this group, has soft fur. Poochie has two alleles for soft fur.
This is Poochie's phenotype for the fur texture trait?
What is soft fur?
This is a physical expression of a trait as a result of its genotype.
What is a phenotype?
This plant was Mendel's preferred model organism.
What are pea plants?
This is the shape of DNA.
What is the double helix?
This happens after the two strands of DNA separate and only a section of one strand of DNA is read.
BONUS: Why is this important?
what is the DNA is transcribe, or copied, into a mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid)?
BONUS: the mRNA can leave the nucleus
In a group of pea plants, some individuals have round peas and others have wrinkled peas. In this group, the gene for the pea shape trait has two alleles. The allele E is for round peas, and the allele e is for wrinkled peas.
A certain pea plant from this group has wrinkled peas. This plant has two alleles for wrinkled peas.
This is this pea plant's phenotype for the pea shape trait?
What is wrinkled peas?
This is one of the many portions of a DNA molecule that contains genetic instructions.
What is a gene?
Mendel learned that some traits appeared more frequently. This is what he called them.
What is dominant traits?
This is the base of the rungs of the ladder.
Bonus points: This is what it attaches to.
What is a nitrogenous base?
BONUS: It attaches to a deoxyribose sugar.
This happens after DNA is transcribe, or copied, into a mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid)?
The mRNA carries the message outside the nucleus to a ribosome.
NOTE: The ribosome is a small organelle in the cell where proteins are made.
This passage describes the scale type trait in common carp:
Carp are large freshwater fish that are often raised for food. Before a carp is cooked, its scales are usually removed. Normally, carp are covered in small scales arranged in straight rows. But carp with mirror scales have large scales arranged in scattered patches. Because mirror scales do not cover the fish's entire body, carp with mirror scales are easier to prepare for cooking.
In a group of common carp, some individuals have normal scales and others have mirror scales. In this group, the gene for the scale type trait has two alleles. The allele A is for normal scales, and the allele a is for mirror scales.
A certain common carp from this group has normal scales. This carp has one allele for normal scales and one allele for mirror scales.
This is the common carp's genotype for the scale type gene?
What is Aa?
What is an allele?
In the third generation of pea plants, Mendel realized that some of the traits in the grandparents were dormant in the parent plants and appeared again in their offspring. This is what he called that trait.
What is a recessive trait?
This is the partner of cytosine.
BONUS: What is the way to remember this?
What is guanine?
BONUS: A cat in the garage.
This happens when the mRNA arrives in nucleus and at a ribosome.
What is the mRNA is read three bases at a time? Each set of 3 bases corresponds to making on amino acid.
FUN FACT: There are 20 different amino acids!
This passage describes the ground spot color trait in watermelon plants:
Watermelon plants grow with their fruit resting on the ground. Over time, the bottom of each fruit develops a white or yellow spot called a ground spot. In some types of watermelon plants, the color of the ground spot is an inherited trait.
In a group of watermelon plants, some individuals have a yellow ground spot and others have a white ground spot. In this group, the gene for the ground spot color trait has two alleles.The allele G is for a yellow ground spot, and the allele g is for a white ground spot.
A certain watermelon plant from this group has a yellow ground spot. This plant has two alleles for a yellow ground spot.
This is this watermelon plant's genotype for the ground spot color gene?
What is GG?
This is a subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
What is genetic diversity?
This is the partner of adenine.
BONUS: What is the way to remember this?
What is adenine?
BONUS: An animal(bird) in a tree.
What is the amino acids join together to make an amino acid chain and then a protein?
In a group of Syrian hamsters, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele F is for short fur, and the allele f is for long fur.
Junior, a Syrian hamster from this group, has long fur. Junior has two alleles for long fur.
This is Junior's phenotype for the fur length trait?
What is long fur?