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DNA
RNA
Transcription and Translation
100
What makes up a nucleotide in DNA? (Think of the dance..)
A phosphate, a 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
100
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA has only one strand, its bases are adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine, and can be either messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA. Also, it's sugar is ribose. DNA has 2 strands, its bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, contains genes and its sugar is deoxyribose.
100
Give another name for translation. (not what it means; what is its purpose)
Protein synthesis
200
If a DNA strand read ATCGCCTA, what would be its complement in DNA replication?
The strand would read TAGCGGAT
200
What do mRNA, rRNA and tRNA do?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries DNA gene information to the ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is part of the structure of ribosomes
200
Fill in the blanks: During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the __________ at the beginning of a gene on a _____________ __________.
During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region at the beginning of a gene on a template strand.
300
Define point mutation and insertion mutations.
Point mutation - individual nucleotide in the DNA sequence is changed Insertion mutation - one or more nucleotide pairs are inserted into the DNA double helix
300
Fill in the blanks: Small ribosome subunits have binding sites for a ______ and a _____.
Small ribosome subunits have binding sites for mRNA and a tRNA.
300
True or False: In the elongation phase of transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes a sequence of RNA bases along DNA promoter.
False. RNA polymerase synthesizes a sequence of RNA nucleotides along DNA template strand.
400
Define translocation and inversion.
Inversion - piece of DNA is cut out of a chromosome, turned around, and re-inserted into the gap Translocation - chunk of DNA (often very large) is removed from one chromosome and attached to another
400
Fill in the Blanks: Large ribosome subunits have binding sites for __#__ _______ molecules and a catalytic site for _______ ____ _________.
Large ribosome subunits have binding sites for two tRNA molecules and a catalytic site for peptide bond formation.
400
What happens in the conclusion of transcription?
The DNA completly rewinds into a double helix. the RNA molecule is free to move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation, and RNA polymerase may move to another gene and begin transcription again.
500
Describe Semi conservative Replication
According to the power point, "The two resulting DNA molecules have one old parental strand and one new strand " is semi-conservative replication. So, Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
500
Name the three steps of Transcription and describe them.
Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA near the beginning of a gene, separating the double helix near the promoter. Elongation: RNA polymerase travels along the DNA template strand, catalyzing the addition of ribose nucleotides into an RNA molecule. The nucleotides in the RNA are complementary to the template strand of DNA. Termination: At the end of a gene, RNA polymerase encounters a DNA sequence called a termination signal. RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA and releases the RNA molecule.
500
Put the steps of Translation Initation in order: 1- The initiation complex binds to an mRNA molecule. the met tRNA anticodon base pairs with the start codon of the mRNA. 2- the large ribosomal subunit binds to the small. the met tRNA binds to the 1st tRNA site on the large. 3- a tRNA with an attatched met amino acid binds to a small ribosomal subunit, forming an initiation complex
3, 1, 2