Genetics Exam 1 Review

Chapter 2Cell cycle/Mitosis/Meiosis

100

An organism having a diploid number of 32 forms gametes having ____________ chromosomes.

16

200

What is responsible for the constriction or narrowing of the cell membrane that occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells?

actin filaments

300

Cells that have not fully replicated their chromosomes will likely arrest at what cell cycle checkpoint? (i.e, between what two stages of the cell cycle?)

Become arrested in the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint

400

During gametogenesis in healthy humans, how many sperm cells will be formed from 300 primary spermatocytes? How many ovums will be formed from 300 primary oocytes?

1200;300

500

During mitosis, the cohesin protein holds the sister chromatids together and is broken down by the ___________ protein. Shugosin protects cohesin from being broken down in the ________________ region until the anaphase stage when the sister chromatids separate.

separase; centromere

Chapter 3Mendelian Genetics

100

In the context of the Chi-square analysis, the null hypothesis states that

A.the differences between the measured values and the predicted values are not significant and can be attributed to chance

B. the measured values are too small to allow a prediction to be made

C. there should be no numerical difference between the measured and the predicted values

D.the differences between the measured values and the predicted values are too large to allow us to attribute them to chance

A.the differences between the measured values and the predicted values are not significant and can be attributed to chance

Null means NO significant difference, any difference is due to sampling or experimental error

200

How many kinds of gametes will be expected from an individual with the genotype PpCcTtRr?

16

2^n for how many gametes

n= number of heterogeneous alleles in the genotype so 2^4

300

What is the probability that in a family of 4 children, 1 will be male and 3 will be female?

1/4

400

Albinism, lack of pigmentation in humans, results from an autosomal recessive gene. Both a man and a woman have normal pigmentation, but each has one albino parent. The man and the woman marry and plan to have 3 children. What is the probability that  all 3 of their children will be albino?

1/64

1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4

500

Albinism, lack of pigmentation in humans, results from an autosomal recessive gene. Two parents with normal pigmentation have an albino child. What is the probability that their next 3 children will have nornal pigmentation?

27/64

(3/4) (3/4) (3/4)

Chapter 10DNA Structure and Analysis

100

Suppose a double-stranded DNA molecule is made up of 400 pairs (800 nucleotides in total). If the double stranded DNA molecules contains a total of 300 guanine bases, how many adenine bases should it contain?

100

200

Nucleotides serving as building blocks for RNA differ from those used for DNA in that... 

(besides RNA having Uracil)

RNA nucleotides have an oxygen at the 2’ carbon position of the sugar whereas DNA lacks an oxygen at this same position of the sugar.

300

If this is DNA, what chemical group is X and what chemical group is Y

X is OH (hydroxyl) and Y is H (hydrogen)

400

                                                                                                           

What is the covalent linkage called indicated by the brackets?

Phosphodiester bond (bonds are connecting a phosphate with two oxygens)

500

What is this molecule?

1. dGTP

2.UTP

3.dTTP

4.ATP

5.dCTP

dTTP

Chapter 12DNA organization

100

Eukaryotic DNA is typically organized into two major regions called euchromatin and heterochromatin. Which of the following applies to euchromatin?

A. They are regions of little or no transcription activity.

B. They are regions that are uncoiled and active in transcription.

C.They may refer to regions near the ends of chromosome (telomeres).

D.They are regions of highly condensed chromatin.

B. They are regions that are uncoiled and active in transcription.

200

Which of the following best describes what is able to influence the level of eukaryotic DNA compaction?

A. acetylation of histone tails

B. methylation of histone tails

C.phosphorylation of histone tails

D. H1 histone protein

E.All of the above

All of the above

300

Which histone helps stabilize the solenoid structure of eukaryotic chromatin?

H1 histone - is the holding the core octamer together and connects the linker DNA

400

What distinguises Topoisomerase I (in us) from Topoisomerase II in E. coli bacteria? i.e. how are the cuts they make different?

Topoisomerase type I cleaves one strand of a DNA duplex to remove DNA supercoils, and topoisomerase type II cleaves both strands of the DNA duplex when introducing negative supercoils into the molecule.

500

Place these in order from least compaction to most compacted.

Solenoid

Nucleosome

Naked DNA

Chromatid

Loop Domains

Metaphase Chromosome

Naked DNA, Nucleosome, Solenoid, Loop Domains, Chromatid, Metaphase Chromosome

Random

100

In which of the following ways do polytene chromosomes differ from other chromosomes?

A. Polytene chromosomes can only be found in bacteria.

B. Polytene chromosomes are multiple copies of identical single-stranded DNA

C. Polytene chromosomes are fully condensed DNA.

D. Polytene chromosomes are replicated but not separated.

 D. Polytene chromosomes are replicated but not separated.

200

Of the following DNA strands (in combination with their complementary strands forming double helices), which is expected to have the highest Tm value upon undergoing a hyperchromic shift

A. ATTGAGTGTA

B. AAATTTGGGA

C. CTTAAATTTG

D.TCATGCGATC

D.TCATGCGATC

Has the highest GC content, loook for the amount of G's and C's

300

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. What does it do?

synthesizes DNA from an RNA template

400

When a protoplast is infected with only the nucleic acid component of a virus, the infection is referred to as

A. transformation

B. transduction

C. transfection

D. lysis

C. transfection

500

Polydactyly is caused by a dominant allele and results in an individual having extra fingers and/or toes. A man with polydactyly marries a woman with a normal number of digits. The couple' first son has normal hands and feet, but their second child has extra digits. What is the probability that their next child will have polydactyly?

1/2 

Man is heterozygous dominant (Bb) woman is heterozygous recessive (bb), this cross creates a 50/50 chance of either getting the disease or not