Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
This protein binds DNA to block transcription in negative regulation.
What is a repressor?
A cluster of genes controlled by one promoter is called this.
What is an operon?
Transfer of DNA through direct cell-to-cell contact is called this.
What is conjugation?
DNA elements that increase transcription even from far away are called this.
What are enhancers?
Genes located close together on a chromosome tend to be inherited together; this is called this.
What is linkage?
In an inducible system like the lac operon, this molecule inactivates the repressor.
What is an inducer (allolactose)?
This operon is inducible and controls lactose metabolism.
What is the lac operon?
Cells capable of taking up free DNA are described as this.
What are competent cells?
This process repositions nucleosomes to make DNA accessible.
What is chromatin remodeling?
The percentage of recombinant offspring is used to estimate this.
What is genetic distance (map units)?
This type of regulation requires an activator protein to turn transcription on.
What is positive regulation?
This operon shuts off tryptophan synthesis when tryptophan is abundant.
What is the trp operon?
A bacterium with the F factor integrated into its chromosome is called this.
What is an Hfr cell?
Silencing caused by methylation of CpG islands is an example of this type of regulation.
What is epigenetic regulation?
This organism is widely used in genetics because its asci preserve the order of meiotic products.
What is Neurospora crassa?
In repressible systems, the active repressor forms when this binds the aporepressor.
What is a co-repressor?
This regulatory mechanism uses translation speed to control transcription termination in the trp operon.
What is attenuation?
Interrupting conjugation at timed intervals helps determine this.
What is gene order and distance on the chromosome?
This RNA-based mechanism uses Dicer and RISC to degrade or block mRNA.
What is RNA interference (RNAi)?
When two mutations are located on the same DNA molecule, this configuration is called this.
What is cis (coupling)?
Explain why gene expression is never completely “off” even when repressors are bound.
RNA polymerase can occasionally transcribe due to transient repressor dissociation or stochastic binding events.
These mRNA regions bind metabolites and alter secondary structure to regulate transcription or translation.
What are riboswitches?
Explain how an F′ plasmid forms and why it is useful in mapping.
What is it forms when the integrated F factor excises incorrectly, carrying host genes; these genes can be transferred to recipients to analyze linkage and gene location?
Explain how alternative splicing increases proteome diversity.
What is different exon combinations produce multiple protein isoforms from a single gene?
This term describes alleles at different loci that are associated together more often than expected by chance in a population.
What is linkage disequilibrium?