Chapter 12
This model of DNA replication was proven correct by Meselson and Stahl.
What is semiconservative replication?
What is tRNA?
These noncoding regions are removed from pre-mRNA.
What are introns?
This codon serves as the start codon for translation.
What is AUG?
These DNA sequences increase transcription from a distance.
What are enhancers?
These short DNA fragments are formed on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This bacterial promoter sequence (TATAAT) is found 10 bp upstream.
This complex carries out splicing in eukaryotic cells.
What is the spliceosome?
This hypothesis explains flexible base pairing at the third codon position.
What is the wobble hypothesis?
These DNA elements block enhancer-promoter interactions when positioned between them.
What are insulators?
This enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA in bacteria.
What is DNA polymerase I?
This factor allows RNA polymerase to recognize and bind promoters in bacteria.
What is the sigma factor?
This structure forms when the 5' end of an intron binds to the branch point A.
What is a lariat?
This enzyme attaches amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
These chromatin regions indicate open, transcriptionally active DNA.
What are DNase I hypersensitive sites?
This enzyme relieves supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.
What is DNA topoisomerase?
This termination mechanism involves formation of a hairpin followed by U-rich sequence.
What is rho-independent termination?
What is alternative splicing?
These three ribosomal sites hold tRNAs during translation.
What are the A, P, and E sites?
This modification of histones is associated with increased transcription by loosening DNA.
What is histone acetylation?
In eukaryotes, this enzyme solves the end-replication problem by extending chromosome ends.
What is telomerase?
In eukaryotes, this protein binds the TATA box as part of TFIID.
What is TBP (TATA-binding protein)?
These sequences at intron boundaries (GU..AG) are required for proper splicing.
What are consensus sequences?
This molecule rescues stalled ribosomes in bacteria by adding a tag for degradation.
What is tmRNA?
These domains restrict enhancer activity to specific genomic regions.
What are TADs?