Chapter 8
one
What proteins make up the nucleosome?
Histones
DNA replication is _________, meaning it keeps each strand intact but separate after replicating.
semiconservative
What are the 3 steps of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
What are the three binding sites on a ribosome (letters are ok)
A, P, E
Which viral life cycle involves integration with the host chromosome?
Lysogenic
What is the difference between DNA and RNA on the sugar?
RNA has a 2' -OH, DNA does not
Which two proteins are responsible for rebuilding the nucleosome?
Caf and Nap
What is the difference between Rho dependent and Rho independent termination?
Dependent: RNApoly slows down, Rho pulls it off
Independent: RNA creates a hairpin loop that knocks off RNApoly
What is the first amino acid added to every prokaryotic protein?
f-Met
How does an F' cell form?
Hfr cell takes its F factor out into a plasmid, but some extra genes come with
How long (in nm) is one turn of DNA?
How many base pairs per turn?
How far apart are the backbones?
3.4 nm
10 bp
2 nm
Name the proteins responsible for:
Unzipping the DNA strands
Adding primers
Creating phosphodiester bonds to close nicks in the backbone
Preventing supercoiling
Helicase
Primase
Ligase
Topoisomerase
What is the sequence found in every intron?
GU - A - AG
What factor is responsible for moving the tRNA through the ribosomal binding sites?
EF-Tu
Name all four 'types' of bacteria in conjugation, and who can 'mate' with who else?
F-
F+
Hfr
F'
each can 'mate' with F- but not any other
What did the Hershey-Chase virus experiment show?
DNA is how traits are passed on, not proteins
What is the first protein that binds to OriC in prokaryotes?
DnaA
What is the initiation factor found in prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes
Sigma
TFIID
What sizes are the large and small subunits of the prokaryotic ribosome, and what is the size of the entire ribosome?
50S and 30S subunits, 70S ribosome
Which two proteins are needed for transformation to occur?
Com and Rec
What did the Griffiths mouse experiment show?
Bacteria can pick up new genes from other bacteria
What are each of the 3 ways that DNA polymerases can act?
What are the main polymerases for prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
5'->3' polymerase
5'->3' exonuclease
3'->5' exonuclease
DNA polmerase III and DNA polymerase delta
What is the TATA box? What is the Pribnow box?
Where are the found?
The promoter region for prokaryotes (Pribnow) and eukaryotes
Found upstream of transcribed region.
What sizes are the large and small subunits of the eukaryotic ribosome, and what is the size of the entire ribosome?
40S and 60S subunits, 80S ribosome