DNA structure
The backbone of DNA is made of these 2 molecules
deoxyribose and phosphate
Replication starts at these DNA sequences
Oris
RNA polymerases do NOT require this substrate of DNA polymerases
Free 3'OH of another nucleotide
This enzyme modifies histone tails such that they interact more loosely with DNA, exposing the promoter
HATs
He discovered that the %A=%T and %G=%C in most species
Chargaff
The covalent bonds that join the sugar and phosphate moieties in DNA and RNA are this
phosphodiester
This protein is responsible for adding RNA nucleotides to single-stranded DNA in prokaryotes
Primase
RNA Polymerases build new RNA in this direction
5'->3'
A sequence commonly found in the core promoters of eukaryotic genes at around -25bp
tataaa/TATA box
Griffith showed that dead bacterial cells could pass something to live cells that encoded the trait of pathogenicity. He named this process this.
Transformation
1 strand of DNA can be used as a template for the other strand because the 2 strands are this
complementary
In bacteria, this enzyme removes RNA in Okazaki fragments and replaces it with DNA
Pol I
The position of the gene where the very first ribonucleotide is added by polymerase is known as this
transcription start site
A DNA sequence found far from the core promoter that binds proteins that loop the DNA around to interact with and encourage activity at that promoter
enhancer
By repeating Griffith's experiment in the presence of either DNase, RNase or Protease, these 3 scientists showed that DNA is the transforming molecule
Avery, McLeod and McCarty
The most common structural for of DNA in cells is this
BDNA
In eukaryotes, polymerization of a new leading strand of DNA is performed by this enzyme
Polymerase Epsilon
In a completed mRNA, the sequence between the cap and the translational start site is called this
5'UTR
A DNA sequence that isolates a transcriptional unit from outside controlling elements or invasion of outside chromatin structures
insulator
This scientist discovered the structure of DNA using X-ray Crystallography
Rosalind Franklin
phosphate
DNA ligase is needed for this purpose
Seals phosphodiester nick left in Okazaki fragments by Pol I/Pol delta after replacing RNA primers
The 3' end of a processed mRNA is created by these 2 enzymatic events
cleavage and polyadenylation
The first step in degradation of mRNA
deadenylation of 3' polyA tail
Using differential radioisotope labeling of DNA or capsid proteins, these scientists further showed that DNA is the carrier of traits in bacteriophages
Hershey and Chase