Cell Structure and Function
This organelle controls the cell and stores DNA.
What is the Nucleus?
The process of copying DNA.
What is replication?
The phase where the cell grows and prepares for division.
What is interphase?
The father of genetics.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This technique amplifies DNA.
What is PCR?
This organelle modifies and packages proteins before they leave the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
The stage where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Different forms of a gene are called this.
What are alleles?
The enzyme used in PCR that comes from heat-resistant bacteria.
What is Taq polymerase?
This structure is made of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
What is the plasma membrane?
The process where ribosomes make proteins using mRNA.
What is translation?
This process reduces chromosome number to form gametes.
What is meiosis?
When both alleles are expressed equally, it is called this.
What is codominance?
This process introduces foreign DNA into bacteria using plasmids.
What is bacterial transformation?
These proteins allow substances to move across the membrane through channels.
What are channel proteins?
These RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
The programmed death of cells during development.
What is apoptosis?
A chart used to predict genetic outcomes of crosses.
What is a Punnett square?
This gene-editing system uses Cas9 and guide RNA.
What is CRISPR?
This system includes the ER, Golgi, and vesicles working together to transport materials.
What is the endomembrane system?
These DNA pieces are formed on the lagging strand during replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This error in meiosis leads to gametes with n+1 or n−1 chromosomes.
What is nondisjunction?
Traits controlled by many genes are called this.
What are polygenic traits?
This type of gene therapy targets reproductive cells, meaning the changes can be passed to future generations.
What is germline gene therapy?