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Vocabulary
Vocabulary 2.0
Structures
Processes
Miscellaneous
100
This describes the genetic makeup of an individual
What is genotype?
100
These are different versions of the same gene
What are alleles?
100
This type of RNA 'photocopies' DNA and shuttles the message out into the cytoplasm
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
100
This is the process in which all the cell's genetic information is copied
What is DNA replication?
100
This man is considered the 'father of modern genetics'
Who is Gregor Mendel?
200
This describes the observable/physical traits of an organism
What is phenotype?
200
The structure of DNA is described as this
What is the double helix?
200
This type of RNA grabs amino acids from the cytoplasm and brings them to the protein-building structure
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
200
The process of making an entirely new copy of genetic instructions happens during this phase of the cell life cycle
What is S phase?
200
These are two reasons why pea plants were used in early hereditary experiments
What is 1) they have contrasting traits, 2) they are easy to grow and requires little care, and 3) they grow quickly and can provide many generations in a short span of time
300
These are the four nucleotides found in DNA
What are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine?
300
This process refers to the way in which DNA is replicated
What is 'semi-conservative'?
300
This structure is where RNA 'photocopies' of DNA go to be turned into proteins
What is the ribosome?
300
This is the central dogma of biology
What is DNA -> RNA -> Proteins?
300
These are small strands of DNA that code for specific proteins
What are genes?
400
An individual who has two different alleles (example: T and t) for the same gene is said to be
What is heterozygous?
400
These are the four nucleotides found in RNA
What are Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine?
400
Every day, the average human needs approximately this many different protein molecules to keep living
What is 100,000 different proteins?
400
These are the three major reasons why PROTEINS are almost always the goal of most biological processes:
What is 1) proteins function as enzymes, 2) proteins function as structural molecules, and 3) proteins function to help cells signal to one another?
400
This is one reason why the DNA never leaves the nucleus inside eukaryotic cells
What is 1) protection, 2) more efficient, and 3) uses RNA as a 'throwaway copy'?
500
This is the process of decoding RNA and building a protein
What is RNA translation?
500
A person who has two of the same 'big alleles' (example T and T) for a gene is said to be
What is homozygous dominant?
500
This enzyme is responsible for splitting DNA open during replication
What is DNA polymerase?
500
During DNA replication, the entire genetic code is located here:
What is the nucleus?
500
DNA stands for this
What is DeoxyriboNucleic Acid?