Basics of Genetics
The human genome consists of about 20,000 of these.
What are genes?
This is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence.
What is epigenetics?
While this condition was thought to be only from wear and tear, research has concluded that it has a genetic and heritable component.
What is OA?
This is a cell that repopulate a given tissue through division and progress or differentiate from an immature cell to a post-mitotic, mature cell.
What is a stem cell?
What has more genes, a potato or a dog?
What is a potato?
Potato = ~39,000 genes
Dog = ~19,000 genes
The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.
What is a genotype?
______ has been shown to elicit changes in the hippocampus, impacting plasticity, learning, and mood.
What is aerobic activity?
This is the name of the era of medicine we are currently in.
What is the "Genomic Era"?
This is defined as the use of materials, such as cells or molecules, to ultimately restore function in damaged systems.
What is regenerative medicine?
What has more genes, a grape or a chicken?
What is a grape?
Grape = ~30,434 genes
Chicken = ~16,736 genes
The observable characteristics of a trait.
What is a phenotype?
65 genes were differentially methylated in individuals with a positive family history of this disease, suggesting epigenetic heritability.
What is Diabetes?
This disease has been shown to have 45-50% heritability with an increased morbidity and mortality in men.
What is CVD?
This is a stem cells sustained ability to divide.
What is self-renewal?
What has more genes, a banana or a human?
What is a banana?
Banana = >36,000 genes
Human = ~20,000 genes
Humans share this percent of genes with one another.
What is 99.9%?
This process occurs by the addition of a methyl group to a segment of DNA, modifying the function of the genes and affecting their expression.
What is DNA methylation?
The end goal of this is to use an individual's genetic information to generate a more individualized exercise plan.
What is "exercise genomics"?
These are two external stimuli that stem cells respond to.
What are sensory and motor stimuli?
This animal shares 95-99% of its DNA with humans.
What is a chimpanzee?
This gives the instructions or program for various functional proteins to be produced inside a cell.
What is DNA?
This is an estimate of biological age based on changes in DNA methylation at particular locations along the genome.
What is "epigenetic age"?
This lifestyle modification can have a heritability of 57%, allowing future generations to remain healthier with less comorbidities.
What is physical activity participation?
This is the identity of a mature cell obtained following lineage progression from a stem cell to a final progeny cell.
What is "cell fate"?
What has more genes, a water flea or a fruit fly?
What is a water flea?
Water flea = ~31,000 genes (most genes of any organism)
Fruit fly = ~15,000 genes