Pieces of the Puzzle
D to tha N to tha A
Nucleic acids and other molecules
What’s in a Gene?
Gene to Protein
100
What is the process during which DNA makes a copy of itself?
Replication
100
In DNA, thymine is complementary to ________; cytosine is complementary to __________.
Adenine and Guanine
100
What two parts of a nucleotide create the backbone of DNA?
Deoxyribose and Phosphate
100
Which type of RNA needs to have an amino acid attachment site?
tRNA
100
What is the process of creating a complementary strand of DNA called?
Replication
200
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose, Phosphate, and Nitrogenous base
200
Finish the DNA strand using the complementary base pairing rule:
A-G-T-C-T-G-C
T-C-A-G-A-C-G
200
The sugar molecule found in DNA is ribose
True or False
False
200
A child born with an extra CHROMOSOME results from what genetic difference?
Nondysjunction
200
What are homologous chromosomes?
Nonsister chromosomes; one from each parent that carries the same types of traits
300
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
Plasmid
300
Which is a three-nucleotide sequence?
a. Gene b. Codon c. Complement d. Chromosome
Codon
300
Which step must occur before cell division during the process of mitosis?
DNA Replication
300
A child born with an extra CODON results from what type of mutation?
Frameshift or Insertion Mutation
300
What is the exponential factor of possible genetic variation combinations?
223
400
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
400
Describe the shape of a DNA molecule
double helix
400
A different amino acid resulted from which type of mutation?
Missense
400
At which point in Meiosis does genetic variability occur?
Prophase I or Crossing Over
400
Based on the law of segregation, how many allele combinations could be produced?
4
500
What is a three-nucleotide sequence found on mRNA?
Codon
500
What types of bonds connect the base pairs in DNA?
Nitrogen bonds
500
A STOP amino acid was produced midway through protein synthesis. What caused this?
Nonsense
500
Which law explains that alleles from each parent are distributed among haploids randomly?
Law of Segregation
500
Two parents, one with blood type AO and the other with type BB, what is the probability of an offspring with type AB?
50%
1000
Draw a nucleotide and label its three parts
1000
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded
DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose
DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil
1000
What genetic changes cause Trisomy 21?
Nondysjunction
1000
Which law has a cross of the F2 generation that produces a genotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1?
Law of Independent Assortment
1000
In which ways can genetic modification benefit an entire ecosystem?
Defend against pests and disease
Combat drought
Increase survival rate
Increase Quality
2000
What enzyme unwinds or unzips the parent strand in DNA?
Helicase
2000
Are these purines or pyrimidines?
Purines
2000
In this inheritance pattern, an organism has a 1/16 chance of inheriting both sets of recessive alleles.
Law of Independent Assortment
2000
Two parents, both with dimples, have offspring without dimples. What is the probability of an offspring without dimples? With dimples?
25% without dimples
75% with dimples
2000
Which process is more likely to produce a lack of variety among organisms, grafting or planting seeds? Why?
Grafting; a form of asexual reproduction