DNA & Genes
This molecule carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms.
DNA
When one allele masks another, it is called this.
Dominant
A random change in DNA that creates new genetic variation.
Mutation
The process by which organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce.
Natural Selection
This form of reproduction involves only one parent
Asexual Reproduction
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Gene
This term describes the observable traits of an organism.
Phenotype
The type of mutation where one base is swapped for another.
Substitution
The single ancestral species from which two or more distinct modern species have evolved.
Common Ancestor
This type of reproduction produces diverse offspring
Sexual Reproduction
A sequence of three bases of mRNA is used to obtain one of these.
Amino Acids
A pair of identical alleles (AA or aa) is called this.
Homozygous
This process during meiosis increases genetic diversity by mixing chromosomes.
Crossing Over
A heritable trait that increases an organism’s fitness in a particular environment is known as this.
Adaptation
The process where egg and sperm cells merge together
Fertilization
These bases pair together in DNA.
cytosine pairs with guanine (C and G) and adenine pairs with thymine (A and T)
This tool predicts the probability of offspring inheriting particular alleles.
Punnett Square
The combination of independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization results in this.
Genetic Variation
The idea that species change over time due to inherited variations.
Evolution
This cell process produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, enabling sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
The process where DNA is copied into mRNA.
Transcription
An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not express it.
Carrier
The folding of a protein determines this property
Shape /Function
This is a specific trait, not held by all individuals, that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction.
Selective Advantage
Sexual reproduction requires these specialized cells that contain half the number of chromosomes.
Gametes