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Genetics Vocabulary
Chromosomes
DNA Replication
Genetic Code
Genetic Expression
100
the unit of heredity that determines a particular characteristic for that trait
What is gene
100
Where chromosomes are located
What is nucleus of the cell
100
A disorder that occurs when chromosome replication does not go according to plan.
What is Down's Syndrome
100
These genes contain information necessary for the synthesis of proteins
What are structural genes
100
The thick liquid within the cell membrane that holds organelles
What is cytoplasm
200
Observable physical characteristics that result from both genetic and environmental factors
What is phenotype
200
Humans have this many pairs of chromosomes
What is 23
200
This is the first step in DNA replication
What is the two DNA strands start to unwind
200
These are long chains of amino acids that control the physiological activities of cells
What are proteins
200
This is a strand of consecutive nucleotide bases along the mRNA strand
What is a codon
300
genotype
What is traits an organism can pass on through its offspring
300
Each DNA strand is a sequence of nucleotide bases attached to a chain of these two chemicals
What are phosphate and deoxyribose
300
This is the second step in DNA replication
What is: the exposed nucleotide bases on each of the two strands attract loose complementary bases from the fluid of the nucleus
300
These genes control whether or not each of its structural genes will initiate the synthesis of a protein…and at what rate
What are operational genes
300
This is the number of amino acids that exist
What is 20
400
traits that occur in one form or the other, never in combination
What are dichotomous traits
400
The four nucleotide bases on chromosomes
What are: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
400
Reginald C. Punnett is the man that devised this approach in order to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype
What is the Punnett Square!!!
400
This carries genetic code from the nucleus of the cell
What is messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
400
The energy producing structures located in every cell, including neurons
What is midochondria
500
Inheritance of a phenotypic characteristic (trait) that is attributable to two or more genes and their interaction with the environment
What is polygenic
500
The two strands of each chromosome are coiled around each other and bound by attractions to these two pairs
What are: Adenine for thymine Guanine for cytosine
500
When unwinding of DNA strands is complete, this is the end result.
What is there are two DNA molecules identical to the original
500
These organelles move along the strand of mRNA, translating the genetic code as they proceed
What are ribosomes
500
This protein is created from the codon guanine-guanine-guanine
What is glycine