Genetics 1
The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as
heredity or inheritance
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
a change in the DNA or RNA that results in different amino acids being made, with different proteins being made, and therefore, different traits being expressed
mutation
Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?
Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine
This is an organism's genetic makeup.
Genotype
This type of organism has 2 different alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
Describe the shape of DNA
Two strands that wind around one another to form a shape known as a double helix
This shows all of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.
Punnett square
SEQUENCE OF THREE NUCLEOTIDES IN mRNA THAT TRANSCRIBE A SPECIFIC AMINO ACID
A CODON
This is an organism's physical appearance.
Phenotype
This type of organism has 2 dominant alleles for a trait.
Homozygous dominant
If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transfer RNA base sequence is
U-U-A
A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of
environmental influence on gene expression
PATTERN OF DNA BANDS THAT RESULTS FROM THE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF CERTAIN REGIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S DNA TREATED WITH RESTRICTION ENZYMES
DNA FINGERPRINT
TT and tt are both examples of a ___________ trait.
homozygous
In humans, the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have extra fingers or toes?
4
Which nuclear process is represented below?
DNA molecule untwists--> The two strands of DNA separate --> Molecule bases pair up --> 2 identical DNA molecules are produced
replication
Different forms of a gene.
alleles
Predict which moth would increase in population
Dark colored one
This type of organism has 2 recessive alleles for a trait
Homozygous recessive
In a certain species of mouse, gray fur (G) is dominant over cream-colored fur (g). If a homozygous gray mouse is crossed with a cream-colored mouse, the genotype of the next generation will most likely be
100% Gg
How many codons are there in the following sequence:
AUGCAAGUUAAAGUC
5
What is a change in an organism that allows for it to survive in its environment?
Adaptation
In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of
ribosomes
What happens when a recessive allele is paired up with a dominant allele?
It is hidden / doesn't show up