Enzymes
This enzyme copies RNA to DNA
What is reverse transcriptase
This technique separates DNA or RNA molecules based on size
What is agarose gel electrophoresis
This technique separates proteins based on size
What is SDS-PAGE
These stem cells are made from adult cells.
What are iPSCs? (induced pluripotent stem cells)
This process can identify extra chromosomes in cells from a fetus.
What is karyotyping? (Or what is a karyotype?)
This kind of enzyme adds methyl groups to histones during heterochromatin formation
What is methyltransferase/methylase
This method amplifies DNA
What is PCR
This technique uses antibodies to identify proteins after they've been separated by SDS-PAGE
What is western blot (immunoblot)
This technique can be used to clone an adult mammal.
What is nuclear transfer?
Determining the genetic makeup of a fetus in a uterus is an example of this process.
What is prenatal diagnosis?
These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences
What are restriction endonucleases
This method of DNA sequencing uses chain terminators
What is dideoxy sequencing (Sanger sequencing)
This technique can identify the location of particular proteins in a cell.
What is immunofluorescence?
Stem cells of this type can make a whole organism.
What is totipotent?
Taking a sample of this bodily fluid is the least invasive way to obtain fetal cells from a pregnant woman.
What is blood?
This enzyme makes mRNA in eukaryotes
What is RNA polymerase II
This technique uses small chips dotted with known single-stranded DNA molecules
What is microarray
This technique is used to determine the fine-scale structure of a protein.
What is X-ray crystallography?
Transcription of a eukaryotic gene in bacteria requires that the construct have a bacterial version of this sequence.
What is a promoter?
This process converts one of the X chromosomes in XX individuals to heterochromatin at the eight-cell stage of embryonic development.
What is X-inactivation?
This kind of enzyme removes phosphates
What is phosphatase
This method can identify the location of a particular RNA in a cell
What is FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization)
This technique allows rapid sequencing of proteins.
What is MALDI-TOF?
This process uses guide RNAs to make targeted genetic changes.
What is CRISPR?
Using DNA sequencing to determine the alleles present in an embryo created by IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is an example of this process.
What is preimplantation diagnosis?