Genetics Review

Mendelian Genetics

100

How many genetically different gametes could be formed by an AaBBccDd individual?

4

200

If only 90% of the individuals carrying a dominant mutant allele show the mutant phenotype, the gene is said to show reduced what?

Penetrance

300

An environmentally caused trait that appears to be inherited is called a (an)?

Phenocopy

400

In meiosis, crossing-over between non-sister chromatids occurs during which phase?

Prophase I

500

____________ is the effect when two genes interact:

Epistasis

Molecular Genetics

100

When a circular DNA gets underrotated by the action of cellular enzymes, the DNA is said to exhibit ________________?

Negative supercoiling

200

Three ways eukaryotic pre-mRNA is modified includes:

splicing, 5’ cap, and poly A tail

300

This synthesizes RNA primer for DNA replication:

Primase

400

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the:

nucleus

500

The enzyme involved in amino acid tRNA charging is _____________.

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Epigenetics and Gene Regulation:

100

Heavily methylated DNA is associated with ____________________ of transcription.

repression

200

A mutation in which a T becomes an A is considered a ____________________.

Transversion

300

What does SNP stand for?

single nucleotide polymorphism

400

Following depurination, the most commonly added nucleotide is a(an):

Adenine

500

How does mismatch repair in E.coli distinguish between old and new strands of DNA?

methyl groups on the old strand

Applications of Genetics

100

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation using p’s and q’s?

p2+2pq+q2=1

200

What is the most common B-RAF mutation in cancer?

V600E or glutamic acid for valine

300

Name one type of genes that is affected in early development of fruit flies

maternal-effect gene, segmentation gene, or pattern-formation gene

400

___________________  genes assign a particular developmental fate to each segment

Pattern formation genes

500

Name the three types of genetic mechanisms that create diversity in immunoglobulins.

V(D)J recombination (somatic recombination)

Somatic hypermutation

Class switching recombination

Viral Genetics

100

There are how many classes of viruses according to the Baltimore classification system?

7

200

True or False? Generally dsDNA and ssDNA (BCI and BCII) viruses use the host’s DNA polymerase.

True

300

Which class(es) of viruses can be treated with RdRp small molecule inhibitors?

BCIV and BCV (potentially BCIII)

400

RIG-I can detect which types of RNA viruses?

ssRNA

500

Transcriptionally, structural genes of DNA viruses are typically produced in the __________ phase.

Late