RNA to Amino Acids
Turn the following RNA into amino acids: CCC-UUA-UAG
Pro-Leu-Stop
A section of DNA
Gene
Where in the cell is the DNA stored?
Nucleus
What is a mutation?
A mistake or error in the DNA
What are the 4 bases in DNA, and which pair together?
A-T
G-C
What part of the cell turns RNA into amino acids?
Ribosome
All of the DNA packaged together in the cell
Chromosome
Where in the cell is RNA read and turned in to amino acids
Ribosome
True or false - all mutations are bad
False - most mutations are neutral!
What is the name of the shape of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
Turn the following RNA into amino acids
GCC-GGG-CCC
Ala-Gly-Pro
The molecule with all of the genetic info in a living organism
DNA
What happens in the first step of making a protein (called transcription)?
The DNA is turned in to RNA
What are the two ways DNA can be mutated
1. A base can be switched for another base
2. A base can be added or taken out
What letter is different between DNA and RNA?
T (thymine) in DNA instead of U (uracil) in RNA
Turn the following RNA into amino acids:
GUA-AAA-AAC-AUA
Val-Lys-Asn-Ile
A molecule that does all of the jobs in the cell and controls what you look like
Protein
What is one job that proteins do in your body - be specific!
- move oxygen in your blood
- tell your body to store or break down food
- strengthen cells and tissues
- form blood clots at wound sites
Many answers possible
What is an external factor that can cause mutations to your DNA?
X-Rays or UV Radiation
Which of the following genotypes are homozygous?
HH or Hh or hh
HH and hh
Original RNA: UUA-CUC-AUA-UCC-UAA
Mutated RNA: UUA-CUC-AUA-UGC-UAA
What amino acid would be different?
4th amino acid - Cys instead of Ser
The building blocks of proteins
What happens in the second step of protein synthesis (translation)?
Give an example of how a mutation could result in no change in the protein
Ex: AAC and AAU would both make Asn, so the protein wouldn't change
Do all mutations get passed on to offspring? Why or why not?
No, only mutations to the DNA of sperm or egg cells will get passed on. Mutations that you get during your life to normal cells don't get passed on.