Punnet Squares
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
Predict the outcomes offspring
The same version of alleles
Ex. RR or rr
What are the base pairing rules?
A-T or U if RNA
T-A
C-G
G-C
How many nucleotides are read during translation
3 at a time
What is a mutation
change in DNA
Gg or GG or gg
What is codominance?
When the two traits both show up
When does transcription happen?
During replication
What is the end result of translation
Protein is made
Give an example of a mutation with translation
What is a phenotype?
Phenotype - physical trait
What does purebred mean?
Homozygous
Which nucleotide is different when transcribing DNA to RNA
Thyamine becomes Uracil
Can one set of codons code for the same amino acid as another set?
Yes
If I change an amino acid in my protein what could happen?
The function of the protein can change
How many letters are in each square of a punnet square?
2
Explain transcription
DNA --> RNA
Where does transcription occur?
The Nucleus
Translate AUG
Met or Start
What happens if the protein is shortened?
Change in function
Create a punnet square using the letter B for a homozygous dominate crossed with a heterozygous
All Dominante
BB
Bb
Bb
BB
Explain Translation
RNA makes protein
Transcribe the following
CATGATGAG
GUACUACAC
Where does translation occur?
The ribosome