Genetics Review

DNA Structure

100

In humans, where does DNA Replication take place?

Nucleus

200

What are the three components of a DNA molecule?

Phosphate, Deoxyribose, Nitrogen Base

300

A set of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid

Codon

400

A portion of DNA that is condensed and rod-like

Chromosome

500

A portion of a chromosome that codes for a single protein

Gene

Protein Synthesis

100

What are the three parts of an RNA molecule?

phosphate, ribose, nitrogen base

200

What is the molecule called that is copied directly from DNA?

RNA

300

What structure transports amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA

400

What type of bond holds amino acids together?

peptide bonds

500

The sequence of _________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced

nucleotides

Protein Synthesis Pt. 2

100

Where does Translation take place?

Where does Transcription take place?

Ribosome

Nucleus

200

What is created as a result of transcription?

mRNA

300

What are the two parts of tRNA?

amino acid and anticodon

400

What is the START codon?

AUG

500

What is the anticodon for the RNA codon AAU?

UUA

Meiosis

100

Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would be in a gamete?

Half as many

200

A sperm cell of an octopus has 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that should be present in a stomach cell of the same octopus?

28

300

In which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?

Prophase 1

400

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, and one from your father) are called

Homologous Chromosomes

500

Explain the purpose of mitosis and the purpose of meiosis

mitosis is to replace cells in the body over a lifetime, while meiosis is to produce cells for reproduction

Miscellaneous

100

What are the 5 Nitrogen bases?

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

200

If a mosquito cell had 3 chromosomes, would that cell be diploid or haploid?

haploid (cant divide 3 in half so it could not be a diploid)

300

Why is it important that gamete cells have only one set of chromosomes?

So it can get the other set from another organisms gamete and share genetic information

400

When does DNA replication occur? Does it happen for Mitosis, Meiosis, or Both?

S phase of interphase, Both

500

What is the central dogma of genetics / biology?

genetic information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to Protein