Mitosis/ Meiosis
Genotype/Phenotype
Miscellaneous
Punnett Squares
Vocabulary
100
How does a cell make a copy of itself?
Through the process of mitosis or cell division
100
In horses, the allele C for a chestnut coat is is dominant to the allele c a gray coat. Calculate the probability of heterozygous offspring resulting from a cross between a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent.
Chestnut coat = gg
Gray coat= Gg, GG
Gg gg
Gg gg
The probability
of having
heterozygous
offspring is 1⁄2 or
50%
100
What is DNA? What does it look like?
contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. Double Helix
100
In dragons, yellow eyes are dominant to green eyes.
Two yellow-eyed dragons mate, and produce three eggs. Of the three hatchlings, one has green eyes.
What are the genotypes of the parent dragons?
Yellow eyes=YY, Yy
Green eyes=yy
The parent dragons must be heterozygous.
YY Yy
Yy yy
100
Different versions of a single gene are called
______________, and one can be dominant over
the other(s).
Alleles
200
How many stages does meiosis go through? Can you name them?
Only number for credit
four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
200
The rhododendron pictured here exhibits which of inheritance pattern for the flower petal color?
Codominance because the phenotype includes
both colors.
200
Which type of cross is demonstrated in this Punnett square?
A dihybrid cross.
200
In eggplant, the allele P for purple eggplants are dominant over the allele p for white eggplants. Calculate the probability of heterozygous offspring resulting from a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent.
Purple eggplant=PP, Pp
PP, Pp
White eggplant= pp, pp
The probability of
having
heterozygous
offspring is 100%
200
What is the difference between a homozygous allele and a heterozygous allele?
Heterozygous contains to two different two different alleles, whereas homozygous contains two identical alleles
300
During mitosis, a cell divides to form how many cells?
2
300
In horses, the allele C for a chestnut coat is is dominant
to the allele c a gray coat. A heterozygous stallion and a
heterozygous mare have produced three chestnut foals.
What is the chance that their next foal will also be
chestnut?
Chestnut coat = gg
Gray coat= GG, Gg
The probability of having another gray
foal is 3⁄4 or 75%.
GG Gg
Gg gg
300
Describe the difference in phenotypes between
organisms that exhibit incomplete dominance for
a trait vs. organisms that exhibit codominance for
a trait.
In organisms that exhibit incomplete dominance, the
traits blend together like mixing paint.
In organisms that exhibit codominance, the traits
are both present; neither is masked by the other.
300
In Hawaiian Happy Face Spiders, the
patterned allele is dominant and the
plain allele is recessive.
Two patterned
heterozygous
spiders are crossed.
600 offspring are
produced.
How many of them
are plain?
Two patterned heterozygous spiders are crossed.
600 offspring are produced.
How many of them are plain?
150 of the
offspring would
be predicted to
be plain.
300
Which pattern of inheritance is depicted in the Punnett
square?
Incomplete dominance because the phenotype is
blended.
400
In humans, there are 46 chromosomes inside the nucleus of body cells. How many chromosomes are present in cells after mitosis?
46
Remember, mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell therefore the number of chromosomes must be the same
400
In Rabbits, the allele B for black hair is dominant over
the allele b for brown hair.
Calculate the probability of homozygous dominant
offspring resulting from a cross between two
heterozygous parents.
Black hair = BB, Bb
Brown hair= bb
BB Bb
Bb bb
The probability of
having homozygous
dominant offspring
is 1⁄4 or 25%
400
Hair texture typically is incompletely
dominant, and can be curly (C), straight (S)
or wavy (SC).
Construct a Punnett square crossing a
curly-haired parent with a wavy-haired
parent.
Determine all phenotypic and genotypic
ratios of the potential offspring.
50% of the offspring will show
the hybrid trait (wavy);
50% of the offspring will have
curly hair.
400
In Alaskan malamutes, the dwarf allele is
recessive (d), while the normal allele is dominant
(D). Show a test cross in which all of the
offspring are phenotypically dominant.
400
What is hereditary?
Passing down of genes/ Genes inherited by parents.
500
What is Meiosis?
where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
500
In pea plants, the allele T for tall pea plants is dominant
to the allele t for short plants.
Calculate the probability of homozygous dominant
offspring from a cross between a heterozygous parent
and a homozygous recessive parent.
Tall pea plants= TT,Tt
Short pea plant= tt
The probability of
having homozygous
dominant offspring is
0%.
500
Mitosis results in cells which are....
Identical
500
What does a punnett square predict?
genetics variations from cross breeding
500
What shape are chromosome pairs?
X shape
600
How are mitosis and meiosis similar?
Both create new cells, both follow the same steps, both begin with one parent cell
600
Genotype vs Phenotype? Characteristics? Differences?
A genotype is the geneic makeup of an
individual; a phenotype is the physical
quality/appearance of an individual.
The phenotype of an individual is
determined by its genotype.
600
What is the difference between an upper-case letter and lower-case letter?
Whether a gene is dominant or recessive
600
A cross between a black cat and a tan cat produces a
tabby pattern (black and tan fur together).
List all the possible phenotypes and in what ratios from a cross between a tabby cat and a black cat.
50% of the kittens would have black fur;50% of the kittens would have the tabby pattern.
600
If a brown-eyed woman’s father has blue eyes,
and her mother has brown eyes, she is most
likely _____________[homozygous |
heterozygous] for the eye color trait.
If a brown-eyed woman’s father has blue eyes, and her
mother has brown eyes, she is most likely heterozygous for
the eye color trait.