Transcription
What happens during transcription?
DNA turns into mRNA. (no points if its only RNA)
What happens during translation?
mRNA sequence is turned into amino acids which are then used to form a polypeptide chain / a protein.
What is a mutation?
A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
How many strands are in RNA?
One single strand
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Where does translation occur?
On ribosomes inside the cytoplasm.
What is the most common type of mutation?
Point mutations.
Name the four base pairs. (Not just the letters, say the actual names)
Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine
Name the four RNA base pairs. (Name the actual names, not just the letters)
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
What is used in transcription?
RNA polymerase
RNA base pairs
DNA
What is used in translation?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
What is a Nonsense Mutation?
A nonsense mutation is the change in a DNA nucleotide that results in Non-sense(STOP) codon in the mRNA.
What does Adenine pair with?
What does Guanine pair with?
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine
What replaces Thymine in RNA?
Uracil
Translate the following DNA sequence into mRNA.
TAC GAC CGA ACC TGA ATT
AUG CUG GCU UGG ACU UAA
Translate the following mRNA sequence into amino acids. ( You do not need to put STOP for the stop codon)
AUG CUG GCU UGG ACU UAA
Met. , Leu. , Ala. , Trp. , Thr.
What are the types of frameshift mutations?
Insertion and Deletion
If I have 37% of Thymine, how much Guanine do I have?
13% of Guanine
What is the function of rRNA?
Helps tRNA with building the polypeptide chain.
How many nitrogenous base pairs is a codon made up of?
3 nitrogenous base pairs
What in tRNA binds to the codon sequence on mRNA to attach an amino acid to the polypeptide chain?
Anticodon sequence
Identify the type of mutation.
Original sequence: AUF CUU GGG GTA UAA
Mutated sequence: AUG CUU GGG GTT UAA
Silent mutation
Name the purines and pyrimidines.
Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Cytosine and Thymine
What is the full names of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA?
Transfer RNA, Messenger RNA, and Ribosomal RNA