DNA Structure
What is the shaped DNA?
Double Helix
How many new cells are created from mitosis?
2
What are the triplets of nucleotides on mRNA called?
Codons
How many cell divisions are there in meiosis?
2
What are variations of a gene called?
Alleles
Where in the cell is DNA stored?
Nucleus or Nucleolus
In what form is DNA stored after prophase?
Chromosome/Chromosomal
Which enzyme is necessary for the translation phase of protein synthesis?
RNA Polymerase
At the end of meiosis, how many chromosomes does each cell have?
23
If two parents, both with Rr genotypes, have a child, what is the percentage chance that their child will also have an Rr genotype?
50%
What element are bases mostly made of?
Nitrogen
What are the different steps of interphase, and what happens in each one?
G1 (cell growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (cell growth)
Which DNA base is different in RNA, and what is the new nucleotide called?
Thymine; Uracil
How many cells are produced from mitosis in males and females?
4; 1
Why are some traits/phenotypes more prevalent in some regions than others?
Those that are prevalent are more beneficial and helpful for those that live in the region. This helps the species live on to reproduce.
In what form is DNA stored during interphase?
Chromatin
Each person on your team must name one of the phases of mitosis and describe its steps.
Prophase (nucleus dissolves, DNA condenses into chromosomal form), metaphase (chromosmes line up down middle of the cell and centrosomes form on opposite sides of the cell perpendicular to chromosomes; spindle fibers attach to centromeres), anaphase (chromatids are pulled apart), telophase (new nuclei form around genetic material on both sides of cell), cytokinesis (cell splits into two)
What is the name of the start codon?
Methionine
Which phase and part of the phase helps to ensure genetic diversity?
Prophase I; Crossing over
Those that are "fit" enough to survive will live on to reproduce. Those that are not "fit" enough to survive will not live on to reproduce. Those that are
"fit" enough will pass down their "fit" genes to their offspring, allowing for the species to be stronger in future generations. Those that are not "fit' enough will not pass down their "unfit" genes to future generations.
What compounds make up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar (+100 more points if deoxyribose is guessed), phosphate(s)
Name two purposes of mitosis.
What are the names and role of the three types of RNA?
mRNA (brings genetic material to the ribosome), rRNA (makes up ribosomes), tRNA (brings amino acids to the ribosome)
What kind of cell division is meiosis and why is it called that?
Reduction division; At the end of division, there are less chromosomes in each cell than in the first generation
How did Darwin discover the theory of evolution?
On the Galapagos Islands, he noticed different species of finch on the different islands. They were all finches, but the species had slightly different traits than one another. He eventually figured out that the slight differences in traits allowed for the better survival of the finches on their respective islands. He realized that because they were so similar and yet still slightly different, he deduced that the birds must have originated from a common ancestor and that species had branched into new ones.