DNA Structure & Organization
This sugar is found in DNA nucleotides instead of ribose.
What is deoxyribose?
This organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
What is the ribosome?
This term refers to different forms of the same gene.
What are alleles?
This method separates DNA fragments based on size using an electric field.
What is gel electrophoresis?
There are 5 main methods of asexual reproduction. Name 2.
What is binary fission?
What is budding?
What is vegetative propagation?
What is fragmentation?
What is parthenogenesis?
The female scientist whose work was used by Watson and Crick, leading to them winning the Nobel Prize for the structure of DNA. She was not initially credited for her work in X-ray diffraction imagery.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This process removes introns from pre-mRNA in eukaryotes.
What is RNA splicing?
This term refers to traits determined by genes on the X chromosome.
What is X-linked inheritance?
PCR, the process used to amplify specific DNA sequences, is composed of the 3 steps ______, ______, and _____. Name 2.
What is denaturation?
What is annealing?
What is extension/elongation?
This evolutionary mechanism favors traits that improve survival and reproduction.
What is natural selection?
This base pairing combination forms three hydrogen bonds instead of two.
What is guanine–cytosine (G≡C)?
This bacterial operon is activated in the presence of lactose.
What is the lac operon?
This condition results from an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is Down Syndrome?
This technique uses reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into DNA.
What is RT-PCR?
This method identifies associations between genetic variants and traits across populations.
What is a genome-wide association study (GWAS)?
This epigenetic mark is often found on histone lysine residues and is associated with active transcription.
What is histone acetylation?
This RNA polymerase transcribes protein-coding genes in eukaryotes.
What is RNA Polymerase II?
This type of inheritance involves many genes contributing to one trait.
What is polygenic inheritance?
This gene-editing system uses a guide RNA to target specific DNA sequences.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
This event drastically reduces population size and genetic diversity.
What is a bottleneck event?
This enzyme complex adds methyl groups to cytosine residues in DNA.
What is DNA methyltransferase?
This type of RNA interference mechanism leads to the degradation of target mRNA.
What is siRNA (small-interfering RNA)?
This parameter measures the proportion of recombinant offspring.
What is recombination frequency?
If PCR efficiency is 100%, this is the number of copies after 10 cycles starting from one molecule.
What is 2¹⁰ = 1024?
This sequencing approach assembles genomes without a reference sequence.
What is de novo gene assembly?