Nucleotides
The three main components of a nucleotide monomer
What are sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base?
The name of the DNA shape based on the Watson & Crick model
What is a double helix?
The number of each core histone in a histone octamer
What is 2?
Process where genetic information stored in DNA is used to make RNA and/or protein
What is gene expression?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes in preparation for this
What is mitosis (cell division)?
The bond between two nucleotides in one strand
What is a phosphodiester bond?
The type of bond that holds the two strands of DNA together
What are hydrogen bonds?
More loosely coiled chromatin
What is euchromatin?
Changes to DNA or histone tails that alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence
What is epigenetic modifications?
Identical structures within one chromosome
What are sister chromatids?
The structural difference between ribose and dioxyribose
What is an OH on the 2' carbon of ribose?
What are pyrimidines?
More tightly coiled chromatin
What is heterochromatin?
This type of epigenetic modification to histones is associated with increased gene expression
What is histone acetylation?
Chromosomes that are similar in shape and genetic content
What are homologous chromosomes?
The carbon that binds to the phosphate in the same nucleotide
What is the 5' carbon?
Differences in one base-pair between members of a population
What are SNPs?
Changes to chromatin structure
What is chromatin remodeling?
Regions of the genome that are rich in cytosine and guanine dinuclotides
What are CpG islands?
The number of sister chromatids in a human cell before mitosis
What is 92?
The carbon that binds to the phosphate of another nucleotide
What is the 3' carbon?
Because DNA is antiparallel, the complementary strand of 5'-GCATA-3' is this sequence
What is 3'-CGTAT-5' ?
These are the components that make up a single nucleosome (in detail)
What is DNA, linker histone H1, and two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, & H4?
Regions of DNA with this type of epigenetic modification is associated with decreased gene expression
What is methylated DNA?
The number of autosomes in a regular human cell
What is 44?