Genetics Vocab
Mendelian Genetics
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Practice, Practice, Practice
Genetic Probabilities
Dihybrid Crosses
Biotechnology
Random Stuff
100
Two different alleles, a hybrid (Tt)
Heterozygous
100
Form of a gene that only shows up when the dominant allele is absent
Recessive
100
An organism's physical appearance
Phenotype
100
A geneticist studying fruit flies hypothesizes that short wings are a recessive trait coded for by a single gene. Which observation is most likely to have led her to form this hypothesis?
Flies have wing lengths ranging from very long to very short.
Flies with long wings are less likely to survive.
Flies with long wings can produce offspring with short wings.
Flies with short wings prefer to mate with flies with long wings.
3. Flies with long wings can produce offspring with short wings.
100
A total of 500 offspring were produced when 100 male cats with black coats and long fur were mated with 100 female cats with the same phenotype. Out of these 500, 281 had black coats and long fur, 93 had black coats and short fur, 92 had brown coats and long fur, and 32 had brown coats and short fur. If both genes are present on different chromosomes, which one do you believe is the recessive allele in each trait studied?
Brown Coat and Short Fur
100
Identify the missing offspring genotypes in the provided punnett square
AABB
AaBB
AaBB
aaBB
100
Give an example of Artificial Selection and what is its purpose?
Domesticated Dog Breeds
Mendel's Cross Pollination Techniques
When scientists selectively breed specific organisms together with the goal of producing a certain phenotype in the offspring.
100
In the Sickle Cell Disease scenario, a single nucleotide change causes Glutamic Acid to be replaced by Valine. What specific type of mutation is this?
Missense or Substitution
200
The genetic combination for a trait
Genotype
200
An inherited characteristic
Trait
200
Snapdragons can be red, pink, or white. What type of inheritance is this?
Incomplete Dominance
200
According to this chart, what assumption can be made about the genotypes of the members of the F1 generation?
They are both heterozygous genotypes. Tt x Tt
200
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous purple-flowered pea plants (Pp x Pp), what is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers (the recessive trait)?
1/4 or 25%
200
Identify the Phenotypic Ratio if A=hair, a=bald, B=Blue Feathers, b = Red Feathers
1:0:0:0
All offpsring will have the 2 dominant traits of Hair and Blue Feathers
200
What do Restriction Enzymes do?
They Cut DNA, causing the DNA to no longer function or allows that segment to be isolated to analyze it
200
If a mother with Type A blood (IAi) and a father with Type B blood (IBi) have a child, what is the probability that the child will have Type AB blood?
25% or 1/4
300
A form of a gene that always shows even in the presence of a recessive allele.
Dominant
300
The study of Heredity
Genetics
300
In some cattle, red cows and white cows mate and they make a roan cow. Roan cows have an equally showing of red hairs and white hairs that can be seen. What type of inheritance is this?
Codominance
300
In a plant that has red flowers, red flower color, R, is completely dominant to white flower color, r. If the plant is heterozygous for flower color, which alleles will be carried by the gametes it produces.
R or r
300
What is the probability of producing a heterozygous genotype (Aa) in a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa×Aa)?
1/2 or 50%
300
Identify the Phenotypic Ratio of the Following Punnett Square
1:1:1:1
25% Dom/Dom: (AaBb)
25% Dom/Rec: (Aabb)
25% Rec/Dom: (aaBb)
25% Rec/Rec: (aabb)
300
You are at a crime scene and are able to locate a small sample of blood, what technology might you use to compare DNA samples with potential suspects?
Gel Electrophoresis
300
If two parents are heterozygous for a Widow's Peak (Ww), what is the expected 'Phenotypic Ratio' of their offspring?
3:1
3 Widow's Peak : 1 Straight Hairline
400
Two alleles of the same form that make up a genotype, purebred (TT or tt)
Homozygous
400
The principle of ______________________ states that during gamete formation, alleles for a particular trait will separate during meiosis.
Independent Assortment
400
In squash plants, yellow fruit (Y) is dominant to white fruit (y). If two plants heterozygous for yellow fruit are crossed, what are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
YY, Yy, and yy
400
The Punnett square above shows the cross between red-eyed females and white-eyed males. Fruit flies usually have red eyes. If a female and male offspring from the cross shown above are allowed to mate, what would the offspring probably look like and are they male or female?
2 red eye females, 1 red eyed male, and 1 white eyed male
400
Using the product rule, calculate the probability of an offspring with genotype AABb from a cross between AaBb×AaBb.
1/8 or 12.5%
400
Dissect these parent Genotypes into the possible allele pairs they will pass onto their offspring.
Parent 1: XxYy
Parent 2: XXYy
Parent 1: XY, Xy, xY, xy
Parent 2: XY, Xy, XY, Xy
400
What is the purpose of CRISPR technology?
It can edit genes, inactivate genes, and recomine DNA
400
A segment of mRNA reads: AUA CAC CGU. Based on our translation practice, what amino acid sequence does this code for?
Ile - His - Arg
500
Segments of DNA located on a chromosome that code for traits.
Genes
500
Two plants are crossed, and the traits of height and color are assessed in the offspring. The following cross was conducted: TTPP x ttpp. What are the resulting genotypes and phenotypes?
T = Tall P = Purple
t = short p = white
Genotypes = All TtPp
Phenotypes = Tall and Puple
500
Eye color, skin color, and hair color have a unique inheritance pattern called?
Polygenic
500
The Mother: Has Type A blood. The Father: Has Type B blood. Is it possible for their child to have Type O blood, explain the conditions under which this could happen if possible.
If Mom has Heterozygous AO blood and Dad has Heterozygous BO blood, then their alleles have a 1/4 chance of producing an offspring with OO type blood.
500
In a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb), what is the probability of an offspring having the genotype aabb?
1/16 or 6.25%
500
Identify the Genotypic Ratio for this Punnett Square
Genotypic Ratio: 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
AABB 1: AABb 2: AaBB 2: AaBB 2: AaBb 4: AAbb 1: Aabb 2: aaBB 1: aaBb 2: aabb 1
500
What are some ethical pros and cons of Genetically Modified Food items? (Both plants and animals)
Pros - Increased food security & higher yeilds, reduction in the use of pesticides, fortification of foods (added natural ingredients like Vit A), Longer Shelf-Life
Cons - Lack of biodiversity leave exposure to disease event, superweed production, allergens, and corporate monopolies
500
Provide the accurate names for the Structures a
nd Processes in this diagram.
Structure 1 - DNA
Structure 2 - RNA
Structure 3 - Protein
Process 1 - Transcription
Process 2 - Translation