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Vocabulary Continued
Probability
100
Vocabulary 100: A trait that is passed from parents to their offspring
What is inherited?
100
100: This is the number of chromosomes a normal human cell contains.
What is 46?
100
100: This man, with the help of Francis Clark, developed the first model of a DNA molecule in 1953.
Who is James Watson?
100
100: Having two like genes for the same trait.
What is homozygous?
100
100: Tara has black hair (BB) and Tara’s husband has brown hair (bb). What is the probability that Tara’s child will have a homozygous recessive gene for brown hair?
Answer: 0% chance. There is no way that Tara's child will have a homozygous recessive gene for brown hair.
200
The study of heredity.
What is genetics?
200
200: This is the number of chromosomes a normal egg cell contains.
What is 23?
200
200: This man hypothesized that inherited factors produced certain traits. These “factors” are now called genes.
Who is Gregor Mandel?
200
200: This is the gene whose trait always shows itself if present.
What is dominant?
200
200: A pea plant with the genotype (ss) and phenotype of homozygous recessive “Short” is crossed with another pea plant that has the genotype of (Ss) heterozygous “Tall”. What is the probability that the plant will be homozygous recessive short?
A: 50%. 2/4 of the plants will be (ss) and 2/4 will be (Ss).
300
This is another word for characteristic.
What is trait?
300
300: This is the number of chromosomes the gametes of an organism with 14 chromosomes in its body cells would have.
What is 7?
300
300: Mendel determined that there were specific genes that determined height while experimenting with this kind of plant.
What are pea plants?
300
300: This is a chart that shows possible gene combinations.
What is a Punnett Square?
300
300: A scientist crosses a purple tulip (PP) with a pink tulip (pp). What is the probability of the genotype Pp occurring?
A: 100%. 4/4 of the genotypes will end up with the genotype of Pp.
400
400: This is another name for a reproductive cell.
What is a gamete?
400
400: Sperm cells and egg cells are this kind of cell.
What is a gamete?
400
400: Mendel found that in heterozygous organisms, one gene always shows its trait. This is the trait that always shows in heterozygous organisms.
What is a dominant gene?
400
400: This is a type of cell division that produces gametes.
What is meiosis?
400
400: Kia has black hair (Bb). Kia’s husband also has black hair. If the genotype for red hair is homozygous recessive, what is the probability that their child will have red hair?
A: 25%. 1/4 of the squares is (bb) red, 2/4 are (Bb) black and 1/4 is (BB) black.
500
500: This is the process by which DNA is duplicated.
What is replication?
500
500: This is what happens when chromosome pairs separate incorrectly, sometimes resulting in Down Syndrome or other.
What is nondisjunction?
500
500: This man was considered the father of genetics.
Who is Gregor Mandel?
500
500: This is the process that occurs when a DNA molecule controls an organism’s traits by producing certain proteins at certain times.
What is protein synthesis?
500
500: What is the probability of a homozygous dominant outcome when you cross two homozygous dominant genotypes?
A: 100%. All four squares will be homozygous dominant.