Base Pairs are made of these four compounds starting with the letters A, T, G, C. (100 points for each complete name)
What are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine?
100
What classic kitchen appliance did Hershey and Chase use to separate the bacteria from the bacteria in their E. coli experiment?
A kitchen blender. extra points if you mentioned centrifugation.
100
UUU
UUC
What is Phenylalanine?
100
This enzyme "unzips" or unwinds a portion of the DNA double helix at the starting point of replication.
What is Helicase?
100
The definition of a genetic mutation.
What is a miscopied gene or DNA strand?
200
Adenine couples with Thymine while Cytosine couples with this compound.
What is Guanine?
200
Charagaff developed a technique to separate and quantify different organic molecules based on their distinct chemical properties and size. What is it?
chromatography.
200
GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG
What is Glycine?
200
This enzyme synthesizes and attaches RNA primers to the replicating strands. (extra points for explaining what a RNA primer is.)
What is Primase
An RNA primer is a short segment of RNA that starts the process of DNA replication.
200
These four variations all code for the amino acid proline proving that sometimes the third letter does not matter - a silent mutation.
What is CCC, CCA, CCU, CCG?
300
Base pairs are held together with this type of bond.
What is a hydrogen bond.
300
Watson and Crick hired this Ph.D. scientist to improve a technique called X-ray crystallography.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
300
GAU
GAC
What is Aspartic Acid?
300
These are the builders and proofreaders.
What is DNA Polymerase?
300
When a nucleotide substitution changes the amino acid being coded for.
What is Missense?
400
This compound forms the backbone of DNA and gives it it's classic double helix shape.
What is sugar phosphate.
400
In this process an electric current is passed through a chamber containing a buffer gel and a mixture of restriction digested DNA fragments.
What is electrophoresis?
400
AUG M
What is Methionine start codon?
400
When incorrect nucleotides are discovered this enzyme removes them.
What are Nucleases?
400
When a substitution results in a stop codon - e.g. ACC becomes ATC which codes for UAG a stop codon.
What is Nonsense?
500
Each helical turn take this amount of space.
What is 3.4 nm (nanometers)
500
These techniques were used by Meselson and Stahl to label DNA.
What are double-radiolabeling techniques?
500
UAA
UAG
UGA
What is Stop codon?
500
Adds the phosphate in the remaining gaps of the sugar phosphate backbone.
What is DNA ligase?
500
When one nucleotide is added or deleted, resulting in a shift in the triplet to all downstream codons (all subsequent codons following the extra or missing nucleotide)