Who used pea plants to study the inheritance of traits?
What is Gregor Mendel?
100
The selection and passing on of traits when they benefit survival.
What is natural selection?
100
The similar forms of a shark and a dolphin are an example of this type of evolution.
What is convergent evolution?
100
In a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?
A) The individuals who are best adapted to the environment.
B) The largest individuals in the group.
C) The individuals who can catch the most prey.
D) The individuals who grow the most rapidly.
What is A?
100
What is a gene?
A unit of inheritance that is transferred from parents to offspring and determines the characteristics of the offspring.
200
The word to describe a genotype with two of the same allele.
Homozygous
200
Who developed the theory of evolution by acquired traits?
Who is Jean Baptiste Lamarck.
200
A change in allele frequencies due to chance.
What is genetic drift.
200
Which of the following plants is the most fit?
A) a plant with deep roots
B) a plant with large leaves
C) a plant with large flowers
D) Fitness can't be determined without reference to the environment.
What is D?
200
What is the difference between a heterozygous and homozygous genotype?
heterozygous = 2 different alleles
homozygous = 2 of the same alleles
300
A cross between Rr and Rr would have what possible genotypes amongst the offspring?
What is RR, Rr, and rr?
300
What animals did Darwin observe and helped him establish his theory of evolution by natural selection?
What is Galapagos finches?
300
The result of reproductive isolation and differential selection.
What is speciation?
300
A city was intensively sprayed with DDT to control houseflies. The number of houseflies was immediately greatly reduced. Each year thereafter, the city was sprayed again, but the flies gradually increased in numbers until 10 years later, when they were almost as abundant as they were when the control program began. Which of the following most likely explains this?
A) Flies from other areas moved in and replaced the ones killed by DDT.
B) The few flies that were affected by DDT but survived developed antibodies to DDT, which they passed on to their descendants.
C) The DDT caused new mutations to occur in the surviving flies, resulting in resistance to DDT.
D) The DDT killed most flies. The few that were already naturally resistant survived and passed this resistance on to their offspring.
What is D?
300
What is heredity? And the study of it is it called what?
The passing down of genetic material from parents to offspring. Called inheritance.
400
What is incomplete dominance and co-dominance?
Incomplete dominance = when the alleles traits blend together.
Co-dominant = when both alleles are expressed together but not blended.
400
Provides evidence for evolution with regard to similar structures / features with different functions in dissimilar organisms.
What is homologous structures.
400
What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?
Artificial selection - when people select plants or animals for breeding based on desirable traits.
natural selection - when animals and plants are selected for fitness (=adaptations) by nature.
400
Your friend was diagnosed with strep throat 2 months ago. She was treated with antibiotics for 10 days, but 2 weeks after treatment, the symptoms returned. She was given a different antibiotic and her symptoms improved again, initially, but then got worse. What is happening?
A) Your friend has taken antibiotics so long that she has become tolerant to them, making them ineffective.
B) Exposure to antibiotics has caused each individual bacterial cell to evolve resistance to the antibiotics.
C) Your friend was originally infected with some bacteria that were resistant to these two antibiotics and the bacteria multiplied.
D) Your friend probably doesn't have a bacterial infection. There must be some other reason for her symptoms.
What is C?
400
In this process genes from one organism are transferred into the genes of another organism.
What is Genetic Engineering
500
Type of mutations that cause a frameshift.
What is a deletion or addition.
500
A whale's non-functioning hip bone is an example of this.
What is a vestigial organ.
500
Name five different types of evidence that support evolution?
After a rapid change in climate, one population of bird quickly adapts to the change, but others in the area do not. What could you conclude about the quickly adapting population?
A) They had a greater need to evolve than the other population.
B) They already had some alleles in their genome that were adaptive in the new environment.
C) They reproduced more slowly than the non-adapting population.
D) They had a higher rate of mutation than the other population.
What is B?
500
States that (by the end of meiosis), each pair of alleles of a gene (chromosomes of an homologous pair) are sorted independently of how other pairs of alleles (homologous pairs of chromosomes) are sorted.