A
The general increase in prices of goods and services over time, resulting in decreased purchasing power.
INFLATION
A list of numbers arranged in a specific order, following a rule.
SEQUENCE
Find the next three terms of the sequence:
5, 10, 15, 20, ___, ___, ___
5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
A store sells a television for ₱18,500 VAT-exclusive. What is the VAT-inclusive price?
₱18,500 × 1.12 = ₱20,720
A student buys a calculator for ₱800 but sells it for ₱720. What is the loss?
Loss=Cost Price−Selling Price
Loss = ₱800 − ₱720 = ₱80
A 12% tax added to the price of goods and services in the Philippines.
VAT
VALUE ADDED TAX
A sequence where each term after the first two is the sum of the two preceding terms.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
Find the next three terms:
3, 6, 12, 24, ___, ___, ___
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192
A Cellphone is sold for ₱22,400 VAT-inclusive. What is the VAT-exclusive price?
₱22,400 ÷ 1.12 = ₱20,000
A store purchases a damaged item for ₱1,500 and sells it for ₱1,200. What is the percent loss?
Loss=Cost Price−Selling Price
Percent Loss=Loss/Cost Price×100
Loss = ₱1,500 − ₱1,200 = ₱300
300/1,500×100=20%
Original price paid to acquire or produce a product.
COST PRICE
Are ordered sets of numbers that have a common difference between each consecutive term.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
Determine the common difference of the arithmetic sequence:
18, 25, 32, 39, ...
COMMON DIFFERENCE
25 − 18 = 7
32 − 25 = 7
A laptop costs ₱44,800 including 12% VAT. What was its price before VAT?
₱44,800 ÷ 1.12 = ₱40,000
A furniture shop buys a chair for ₱2,500 and sells it for ₱3,250. What is the mark-up percentage?
Mark-up = ₱3,250 − ₱2,500 = ₱750
750/2500×100=30%
Price at which the product is sold to customers.
SELLING PRICE
A sequence that has no end, it goes on forever.
INFINITE SEQUENCE
Determine whether the sequence is arithmetic or geometric:
2, 6, 18, 54, 162, ...
2, 6, 18, 54, 162
Each term is multiplied by 3.
Geometric sequence
A printer costs ₱12,000 before VAT. How much will the customer pay after adding 12% VAT?
₱12,000 × 1.12 = ₱13,440
A retailer purchases a scientific calculator for ₱800 and sells it for ₱1,000. Determine the mark-up amount and mark-up percentage.
Mark-up = ₱1,000 − ₱800 = ₱200
200/800×100=25%
VAT must be removed to find the original price.
VAT-INCLUSIVE
A sequence that has a specific number of terms, it has a beginning and an end.
FINITE SEQUENCE
The price of a notebook increased from ₱80 to ₱100. What is the percent increase?
Increase = ₱100 − ₱80 = ₱20
20/80×100=25%
A cellphone originally costs ₱10,000 but is now sold for ₱8,500. What is the percent decrease?
Decrease = ₱10,000 − ₱8,500 = ₱1,500
1,500/10000×100=15%
The population of a barangay increased from 8,000 to 8,800. What is the percentage increase in population?
Increase = 8,800 − 8,000 = 800
800/8,000×100=10%