Plant reproduction
When an egg is fertilized by a sperm, the single-celled result is called this.
zygote
When a cell divides, the DNA inside must double through this process.
Replication
Telomeres are considered "bomb fuses" because they get shorter every time a cell does what?
divides
During cell division the Y chromosome pairs with __________________.
X chromosome
Spontaneous (de novo) genetic mutations in humans can occur either within the individual or inherited from _______________________.
The germ cells of the parents
True or False: Plants evolved in water to have sperm, eggs, and zygotes.
True
Rather than use RNA polymerase, DNA replication uses this enzyme.
DNA polymerase
This happens when a telomere gets too short
The cell becomes senescent/dies
DNA replication is able to occur so quickly owing to the presence of so many ______________.
Origins of replication
True or False: Genetic mutations only impact coding sequences, not regulatory sequences.
False
Instead of sperm, pine trees use this.
pollen
This is the tip of a chromosome
telomere
Telomere loss is associated with what?
Aging, stress, cancer, risk of death
This enzyme replicates DNA prior to cell division.
DNA polymerase
These RNAs form complexes with protein, allowing splicing to occur.
snrps
Is pollen haploid or diploid?
Haploid
this is the center of the chromosome
centromere
Telomeres get ________________ every time a cell divides.
shorter
The three principal steps in human DNA replication are initiation, _____________, and nucleosome assembly.
elongation
The number and visual appearance of chromosomes is called the __________________.
karyotype
True or False: There are only male pine trees.
False - there are male and female pine trees.
After replication, these are the "extra arms" on the chromosome representing doubled DNA material.
chromatids
Which cell has longer telomeres, a skin cell from a baby or a 50 year old woman?
The baby
During this process, histones are added to new strands of DNA.
Nucleosome assembly
The longer arm of a chromosome is referred to as the ___ arm