push and pull factors
what are push and pull factors
Conditions that drive people away from rural areas (e.g. lack of jobs, poor services).
What is land clearing/urban sprawl?
Replacing natural land with housing/roads, causing habitat loss.
Which job type is most common in cities that attracts migrants?
Manufacturing or service sector jobs.
What is one positive cultural effect of migration into cities?
Greater cultural diversity (e.g. food, music, festivals).
What is the largest planet in our solar system?
Jupiter.
What is one example of a pull factor?
Better job opportunities in the city.
Name one consequence of poor air quality in large cities.
Respiratory illnesses such as asthma.
How can urbanisation improve services?
Cities often have better access to hospitals and schools.
What social issue arises if housing is unaffordable?
Homelessness.
Which ocean is the deepest in the world?
The Pacific Ocean.
Name one demographic factor that increases urban growth.
High birth rates or rural-to-urban migration.
How does urbanisation contribute to water pollution?
Industrial waste and sewage flow into rivers.
State one challenge of rapid urban population growth.
Housing shortages or unemployment.
How can urbanisation affect families?
Families may separate as young people move to cities for work.
who wrote the play Romeo and Juliet?
William Shakespeare.
How can agricultural changes act as a push factor?
Mechanisation reduces need for farm workers, forcing people to migrate.
What is the “urban heat island effect”?
Cities become hotter than rural areas due to concrete/roads absorbing heat.
How do informal settlements (slums) emerge?
People can’t afford housing, so they build makeshift shelters without services.
How does urbanisation affect crime?
Overcrowding and inequality can increase crime rates.
What is the capital city of Canada?
Ottawa.
How does industrialisation act as both push and pull?
It reduces rural jobs (push) but creates factory/industry jobs in cities (pull).
What are two long-term effects of urban sprawl on ecosystems?
Biodiversity loss and increased carbon emissions from transport.
Give one economic benefit and one economic cost of urbanisation.
Benefit = larger workforce, economic growth. Cost = inequality, overcrowding.
How can urban growth both preserve and threaten culture?
Cities may promote cultural events but also replace traditions with modern lifestyles.
In what year did the Titanic sink?
1912.