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Glaciers and Rivers/Floods
More Rivers and Groundwater
Groundwater and Landslides
Miscellaneous and Mass Movements
Coastal Environments
100
Climatic fluctuations within Ice Ages are primarily controlled by_________. A. Varying concentrations of marine plankton in the Pacific Ocean B. Variations in Earth’s position & orientation relative to the Sun C. meteorite showers D. increased rates of plate subduction
B. Variations in Earth’s position & orientation relative to the Sun
100
All other things being equal (river gradient, underlying geology, etc.), which of the following is likely to happen with an increase in urbanization within a watershed? A. Increased time between rainfall events and peak river discharge B. An increase in groundwater storage C. A decrease in overall discharge D. Increase in sediment transport and erosion within the river
D. Increase in sediment transport and erosion within the river
100
Typical velocities of groundwater are: a) 1 to 10 millimeters per century b) 1 to 10 centimeters per day c) 1 to 10 meters per hour d) 1 to 10 kilometers per minute
b) 1 to 10 centimeters per day
100
Living in Western Oregon, which of the following is the most likely way that a person will be killed? a) lightning strike b) debris flow c) Terrorist attack d) flood
b) debris flow
100
Why do beaches tend to be wider in the summer than in the winter? a) Summer brings more sediment from rivers b) Tidal forces are stronger in the winter c) Waves concentrate sand on beaches in the summer d) Saltwater intrusion is more effective in the winter
c) Waves concentrate sand on beaches in the summer
200
You live along a larger river and it experienced “100-yr” floods in 2005 and 2009, what is the likelihood that it will experience a 100-yr flood in 2010? a) 5% b) 2% c) 1% d) 0.1% e) Less than 0.1%
c) 1%
200
In contrast to meandering rivers, braided river channels are associated with high _______ ______ and a lack of ________ ____ ____. a. channel stability AND shallow flows b. sediment supply AND bank stabilization c. water levels AND gravel transport d. dissolved load AND bedload transport
b. sediment supply AND bank stabilization
200
What will happen to radioactive waste if it breaches the subsurface repository walls? a) It will travel rapidly to the nearest stream channel b) It will flow down fractures to the water table c) It will trigger volcanism and earthquakes d) It will travel a negligible distance
b) It will flow down fractures to the water table
200
Lahars are fast mass movements made of: a) Volcanic ash and water b) Very fine rock c) Ice d) Mud and dirt
a) Volcanic ash and water
200
What is viscosity?  a. resistance to flow  b. pressure melting  c. the tendency of water molecules to adhere to each other  d. regelation
 a. resistance to flow
300
The velocity of glaciers tends to be_________ near valley walls due to ____________. A. slow AND friction B. slow AND meltwater C. fast AND meltwater D. fast AND friction
A. slow AND friction
300
Which type of weathering occurs more in the subsurface? a) Mechanical b) Chemical c) Biological d) Keebler Elves
b) Chemical
300
When extraction exceeds recharge _____________ occurs. a) drawdown b) surface tension c) saltwater intrusion d) dispersal
a) drawdown
300
When draining into oceans, the vast majority of sediment transported by rivers:  a. travels in the form of dissolved ions  b. bounces along the river bed (bedload)  c. is carried as suspended grains  d. is transported on the recessional limb
 c. is carried as suspended grains
300
The surface of the water table for an unconfined aquifer in a humid temperate climate: a) often mimics roughly the surface topography, b) rises and falls depending upon the season, c) has water moving along the surface of the water table, d) a and b are correct only, e) a, b, and c are correct only.
d) a and b are correct only,
400
Ice ages have all of the following in common: • Sizable amount of land mass at/near poles • Land surfaces with high elevation (mountains) • Nearby oceans to provide moisture (snow) • Ocean circulation (less heat distributed to poles) What phenomenon controls all of these properties? a) surface tension b) plate tectonics c) strong hydrogen bonds d) high heat capacity e) isostatic compensation
b) plate tectonics
400
Half of the earths groundwater is in the: a) The upper 10 m b) The upper 1 km c) The bottom 1 km d) The bottom 10 km
b) The upper 1 km
400
Near coastal areas rapid extraction can lead to __________ ___________. a) drawdown b) saltwater intrusion c) hydraulic gradient d) surface tension
b) saltwater intrusion
400
Braided streams are characterized by: a) very steep gradients, b) excessive sediment load, c) relatively high velocities, d) abundant rapids and waterfalls, e) excessive quantities of hairballs.
b) excessive sediment load,
400
Why aren't tsunami waves problematic to ships at sea? A. Amplitude is high and wavelength is short B. Amplitude is short and wavelength is long C. Velocity is fast and amplitude is high D. Velocity is slow and wavelength is short
B. Amplitude is short and wavelength is long
500
How will the hydrograph change for an “urbanized” watershed? a) Lag time will increase and peak discharge will increase b) Lag time will decrease and peak discharge will decrease c) Lag time will decrease and peak discharge will increase d) Lag time will increase and peak discharge will decrease e) No change in lag time or peak discharge
c) Lag time will decrease and peak discharge will increase
500
The capacity of rock to store water is referred to as ___________ AND the ability of rock to transmit fluids is called ________________. a) aquifer AND artesian b) aquifer AND hydraulic gradient c) permeability AND porosity d) porosity AND permeability
d) porosity AND permeability
500
Due to the collapse of ____________, irreversible lowering of land known as ___________ can occur. a) pores AND subsidence b) grains AND uplift c) plumes AND artesian conditions d) pressure gradients AND subsidence
a) pores AND subsidence
500
Which of the following is not a type of mass movements: a) Earth flows b) Debris flows c) Mud flows d) Lahars e) Creep f) Slump
Trick Question, they all are
500
The wave base is the water depth below which water doesn’t experience oscillations due to surface waves. The wave base is approximately equal to: A. One half of the wave amplitude B. One half of the wavelength C. Twice the amplitude D. The wave velocity E. The fetch
B. One half of the wavelength