Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanoes
It is the exact spot deep underground where the rock fractures and an earthquake actually starts.
What is the Hypocenter
A piece of land that is completely surrounded on all sides by water.
What is an Island?
This massive, horseshoe-shaped core of Canada is made of ancient rock up to 4 billion years old and holds over half of Canada's lakes.
What is the Canadian Shield?
The calculation found by subtracting the Death Rate from the Birth Rate.
What is the Natural Increase Rate?
The Inuktitut phrase meaning "Our Land," which became the name of Canada's newest territory in 1999.
What is Nunavut?
This is the name for molten rock when it is still beneath the Earth's surface (before it erupts)
What is Magma?
A tall landform with a flat top; a medium-sized one is called a mesa, and a small one is a butte.
What is a Plateau?
Known as Canada's "Bread Basket," this region's deep black soil (chernozem) is perfect for wheat farming.
What are the Interior Plains (or The Prairies)?
A population pyramid with a wide base and narrow top indicates this type of country.
What is a Developing Country?
"Lack of jobs" is a Push factor, while "Freedom of speech" is this type of factor.
What is a Pull Factor?
This warning sign occurs when a tsunami's trough hits the shore first, causing the ocean to pull back far beyond low tide.
What is Water Withdrawal?
This landform is created at the mouth of a river where dirt and debris accumulate as the river meets the ocean.
What is a Delta?
These Western mountains are "young," meaning they still have high, jagged peaks that haven't been worn down by erosion yet.
What are the Cordillera (or Rocky Mountains)?
In this "Stage" of population change, the Death Rate drops due to better healthcare, but the Birth Rate remains high, causing a population explosion.
What is Stage 2?
This class of immigrant is selected based on the "Points System" to ensure they can contribute to the economy.
What are Economic Immigrants?
These expanding pockets of gas are the main force that builds pressure and eventually causes a volcano to erupt violently
What are Gas Bubbles?
Defined not by heat, but by water loss; this landform loses more moisture to evaporation than it receives in precipitation (e.g., Antarctica).
What is a Desert?
This region is Canada's industrial heartland and has the mildest climate in Eastern Canada due to the moderating effect of large bodies of water.
What are the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands?
The ratio of "dependents" (youth under 15 and elderly 65+) to the working-age population.
What is the Dependency Load?
The unique style of government in Nunavut that operates without political parties.
What is a Consensus Government?
The process where a tsunami wave slows down but grows dramatically in height as it moves from the deep ocean to shallow water.
What is Shoaling?
The specific method of formation for most mountains, involving large pieces of Earth's crust colliding and forcing rock upward.
What is Plate Tectonics (or Plate Collision)?
A vast wetland region dominated by muskeg and permafrost, formed by the ancient Tyrrell Sea.
What are the Hudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands?
Using the Rule of 70: If a country has a growth rate of 2%, this is how many years it will take for the population to double.
What is 35 Years ($70/2 = 35$)?
This 1993 document was the largest Indigenous land claim settlement in Canadian history and paved the way for the creation of Nunavut.
What is the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA)?