Landform Features
What kind of valley is shaped like the letter "U" and formed by glaciers?
U-shaped valley
What do we call the idea that Earth’s crust is made of moving plates?
Plate tectonics
What are glaciers made of?
Ice
Breaking down of rocks is called what?
Weathering
What kind of rock is made from cooled lava?
Igneous Rock
What is a drumlin, and what does it tell us?
A smooth hill formed by a glacier; it shows glacier direction
What plate movement causes earthquakes when plates slide past each other?
Transform
What is it called when a piece of a glacier breaks off into the ocean?
Calving
The process of moving broken rock is called what?
Erosion
What kind of rock is formed from layers of sediment?
Sedimentery Rock
Which landform is formed when a glacier leaves behind a mixture of rocks and soil?
Glacial till
Which type of plate boundary causes new crust to form?
Divergent
What’s the difference between alpine and continental glaciers?
Alpine = in mountains; Continental = huge and flat
What is it called when the material is dropped or laid down?
Deposition
What changes a sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock?
Heat and Pressure
What is a kettle lake, and how does it form?
A small lake formed when glacier ice melts and fills a hole
What did Alfred Wegener discover?
The theory of continental drift (Pangea)
What do glaciers leave behind that tells us which way they moved?
Drumlin or striations
What is glaciation?
Process of glaciers covering land
Name the three types of rock in the cycle.
Igneous, sedimentery, metamorphic
What are glacial striations and what do they show?
Scratches in bedrock made by glacier movement
What forms when convergent plates push into each other?
Mountains or volcanoes
Name 3 ways glaciers change the land.
Create valleys, move boulders, leave landforms like moraines
What is erosion vs. deposition?
Erosion moves material; deposition drops it in a new place
Describe the full rock cycle in 3 steps.
Lava cools → igneous → breaks down into sediment → forms sedimentary → heat & pressure makes metamorphic → melts → lava again