Layers
What is the name of the area where plates interact?
boundaries
Name of type of plates that slide past each other.
Transform plates
Name of location in the ground of where an earthquake originates?
focus
What type of plate activity is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
divergent plate
What are hot spots?
superheated plumes in the asthenosphere, escaping a crack in the lithosphere and lava flows freely creating a shield cone
Hot springs and geysers are associated with this type of rock.
Igneous (magma)
Describe divergent plate activity.
two plates are forced apart, new crust is forming with magma that is coming up from the earth.
Identify the two ways we measure earthquakes.
Intensity and magnitude (energy)
Define metamorphic rocks and give an example.
Define igneous rocks and give an example.
What is sima and sial.
sima: continental crust
sial: oceanic crust
Convection currents occur at this layer?
mantle
Identify the 3 types of convergent plates.
Ocean to ocean, ocean to continent, continent to continent
Identify the name of a volcanic mud flow and how is it formed?
Lahars: glacier and snow at top of volcanic mountains melt quickly due to the heat of a volcano, causing a mud slide
Coal is formed from decaying plant matter in swamps.
Oil is decaying sea creatures found in old ocean floors.
Explain Wegener's Theory and 2 pieces of his evidence.
The world was once a giant continent. Puzzle pieces, plant and animal fossils found on multiple islands, similar mountains found on multiple continents, and similar glacial scrapes on multiple continents.
Identify and describe the 3 layers of the earth.
Lithosphere: rigid outer crust, made of sima and sial
Mesosphere: also known as the mantle, high in iron, magnesium, and silicon, where convection currents occur
Centrosphere: inner and outer core, has iron and nickel, very hot and lots of pressure
Identify a feature that is formed for the 3 types of convergent plates.
C to C: Himalayans, Alps, Coast Range
O to O - Aleutian Islands, Philippine Islands, Tonga Islands
O to C - Mid-Atlantic Range, Mariana's Trench
Identify the types of waves that leave the focus and what order they travel in.
Primary, Secondary and L&R waves
Identify and describe 2 intrusive volcanic features.
Dike= magma moving through the fractured rock layer; Sill= magma squeezes between hard rock layers; batholith= largest of igneous intrusions, formed below surface, exposed by erosion; laccolith= magma cooling between rock layers, a dome like feature
Identify and describe 2 extrusive features of volcanoes.
lava= liquid igneous rock that has reached the earth's surface; pyroclastics = materials blasted out of the volcano; caldera = huge volcanic crater that is formed when the sides the mountain falls or with an extremely violent eruption; lahars= volcanic mudflows from melting snow and glaciers; nuees ardentes= pyroclastic flow of hot gas that destroys everything in its path
Describe 2 later theories to support Wegener's Theory.
Seafloor spreading
Magnetic Stripping
Plate Tectonic theory - plates move, carry continents with them
Describe 2 of the 4 different types of volcanoes.
Fissure: magma-filled dykes along the surface of earth, open and lava flows great distances
Shield: ocean floor, gentle slope, basaltic lava,
Composite: erupt diff materials at diff times,layers of ash and lava, found in subduction zones, violent, sudden eruptions
Cinder cones: found on continents, have steep sides, layers of cinders and ash, violent explosions, pyroclastics
Volcanic ash=good farming soil: tourists=bring money to the area, geothermal heat: renewable way to heat home,
Identify and describe 2 problems with plate activity (can be earthquakes or volcanoes).
Tsunami= huge wave that comes after an earthquake and can wipe out buildings, etc: liquification=unsolid ground (loose rocks, sand) mimics liquid and buildings are swallowed,