Very Easy
A region experiences reduced forest cover, irregular rainfall, shrinking rivers, and declining wildlife. Identify the sequence of geographical cause-and-effect behind this pattern
Deforestation reduces transpiration → lower humidity → irregular rainfall → reduced river flow → loss of aquatic and terrestrial habitats → wildlife decline. This chain reaction shows the interconnectedness of climate, vegetation, drainage, and wildlife.
Peninsular rivers are short because India is narrow in the south.
Peninsular rivers are short mainly due to the hard rocky surface, shallow valleys, and steep gradients of the Peninsular Plateau, not because India is narrow in the south.
If India were located entirely south of the Tropic of Cancer, would its climate be more uniform? Justify.
Yes. India would lie completely in the tropical zone, reducing seasonal temperature variation. Climatic diversity caused by subtropical conditions in the north would decrease, leading to greater uniformity.
India is a tropical country because the Tropic of Cancer passes through it. Explain.
India is not entirely tropical. The Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical (south) and subtropical (north) regions. Therefore, only part of India lies in the tropical zone.
All Himalayan rivers are perennial. Explain.
Most Himalayan rivers are perennial because they are fed by glaciers and rainfall, but the degree of perennial flow varies with altitude, glacier size, and seasonal snowfall. Therefore, the statement is broadly true but not absolute.
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Why are the Western Ghats called a ‘water divide’ despite having short rivers?
They separate rivers flowing east into the Bay of Bengal from those flowing west into the Arabian Sea, even though the rivers themselves are short.
The Himalayas are responsible for all rainfall in India. Justify the statement.
The Himalayas influence monsoon rainfall in northern India by blocking winds, but rainfall in southern and coastal India is also caused by monsoon winds and cyclonic activity. Hence, the statement is incorrect.
Explain how the Himalayas both promote and restrict human activities.
They promote agriculture and settlement indirectly by causing rainfall and forming fertile plains. However, steep slopes, harsh climate, and landslides restrict transport, settlement, and development in mountainous regions.
How does the slope of land control whether a river forms a delta or an estuary?
Gentle slopes slow river flow, allowing sediment deposition to form deltas. Steep slopes increase velocity, carrying sediments into deep seas and forming estuaries.
India’s central location in Asia has only historical significance today. Do you agree?Justify
No. India’s central location is still significant due to modern trade routes, maritime security, energy transport, and international relations, in addition to historical cultural exchanges.
India’s east–west extent has a greater impact on daily life than its north–south extent. Examine the statement.
The east–west (longitudinal) extent causes differences in sunrise and sunset times, directly affecting daily schedules, administration, and transport. The north–south extent mainly affects climate and seasons, which are long-term effects. Hence, the statement is valid in terms of day-to-day life.
Explain why river length alone cannot determine a river’s importance.
Importance depends on water volume, perennial nature, drainage basin size, irrigation potential, and economic use, not just length. Short rivers can be regionally crucial.
How does India’s longitudinal extent influence the decision to adopt a single Standard Meridian, and what geopolitical and administrative problems would arise if India followed multiple time zones?
India follows a single Standard Meridian (82°30′E) to maintain uniformity in time across the country. Despite the wide longitudinal extent (about 30°), multiple time zones would create administrative confusion, disrupt transport schedules, offices, and national coordination. A single time zone ensures national integration and efficiency, even though eastern regions experience earlier sunrise and sunset.
Explain why deltas are absent on India’s western coast but prominent on the eastern coast, even though both receive rivers.
The western coast has a steep slope and narrow continental shelf, causing rivers to flow swiftly and deposit sediments into the deep sea, forming estuaries. The eastern coast has a gentle slope and wide continental shelf, allowing sediments to accumulate and form large deltas.
How do physical features explain the uneven population distribution in India?
Plains offer fertile soil and flat land, supporting dense populations. Mountains and plateaus have harsh terrain and fewer resources, limiting settlement.
India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, yet its climate is not uniformly tropical. Explain why hemispherical position alone is misleading.
Hemispherical position only indicates general solar exposure. India’s climate is shaped by latitude, altitude, monsoon winds, distance from the sea, and relief features like the Himalayas. The Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical and subtropical regions, while high altitudes in the north produce cooler conditions.
If India’s longitudinal extent were reduced by half, how would this affect daily life and administration?
A smaller longitudinal extent would reduce time difference across the country, leading to more uniform sunrise and sunset times. This would improve synchronization of work schedules, transport, and communication, reducing the need for adjustments currently experienced in eastern and western regions.
Why is the Peninsular Plateau less prone to floods despite receiving heavy rainfall in some regions?
The Peninsular Plateau has hard, impermeable rocks, shallow river valleys, and short river courses. Rainwater flows quickly into the sea instead of accumulating, reducing flood risk compared to the flat Northern Plains where rivers overflow easily.
Why is India considered a “geographical unit” despite having extreme physical diversity?
India’s physical features—mountains, plains, plateaus, rivers, climate, and vegetation—are interlinked and influence one another. The Himalayas, monsoon winds, river systems, and vegetation work together, creating unity despite diversity.
India’s latitudinal extent influences more than climate. Explain with two non-climatic impacts.
Latitude affects day length, influencing working hours and agricultural activities. It also affects crop growing seasons and regional lifestyle patterns due to variation in daylight duration.
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