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The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Agriculture density
A complete enumeration of a population
Census
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
dependency ratio
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health
Epidemiology
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Medical Revolution
government policy that supports lower birth rates
antinatalist policy
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
crude birth rate
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
doubling time
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Industrial Revolution
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
Natural Increase Rate
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Arithmetic Density
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
crude death rate
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Ecumene
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
infant mortality rate
a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Overpopulation
The population of species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources
carrying capacity
The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population
demographic transition
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
epidemic
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
life expectancy
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Pandemic
land suitable for growing crops
arable land
The scientific study of population characteristics
Demography
The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiologic Transition
annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births
Maternal Mortality Rate
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Physiological Density