Volcanoes
what is the difference between magma and lava?
they are the same, but magma is inside the volcano, and lava is outside the volcano.
what is an earthquake?
an earthquake is the shaking of the ground through seismic waves, caused by tectonic plates colliding.
which country/state takes the most earthquake precautions?
San Francisco
where is the san andreas fault?
it is located in california, USA.
what is transboundary pollution?
Transboundary pollution is the pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country's environment, by crossing borders through water or air.
why are volcanoes dangerous?
because they can destroy homes using lava, and their rocks that erupt from it can hit people and kill them. the smoke it releases can also poison people and kill them as well
where do earthquakes happen most often?
at the San Andreas fault (California, San Francisco)
why are earthquake precautions important?
to be prepared for an earthquake, and to minimize the amount of casualties caused by it
when did the big earthquake in the 1900s happen?
the 7.9 magnitude san francisco earthquake occured in 1906.
what is The Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution?
it is an organisation which tries to protect the human environment against air pollution.
how are volcanoes formed?
Volcanoes form when tectonic plates collide and one plate is pushed beneath another. Tectonic plates also move away from one another to produce volcanoes. Hot magma rises from the mantle at mid-ocean ridges pushing the plates apart. This molten rock then rises and erupts on the surface building up a volcano.
what causes earthquakes?
earthquakes are caused when 2 tectonic plates hit each other, and then grind against each other. this causes vibrations know as seismic waves, which are what we know as earthquakes.
name one way san francisco is prepared for earthquakes?
they have multiple precautions such as steel frameworks, exit points, flexible structures, etc
how many people died in the san francisco earthquake?
estimated to be 3000 people dead due to the earthquake.
how is Chernobyl an example of transboundary pollution?
Chernobyl caused a huge radiation leak, which then spread to other countries and polluted them through air.
what does the smoke which is released from a volcano consist of?
The smoke you see billowing out of a volcano is actually a mix of mostly water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur gases, as well as ash.
how do earthquakes and volcanoes relate to each other?
both are formed by tectonic plates, are dangerous to people, and can destroy lives and homes.
why is water important during an earthquake?
so the firefighters are able to use it to put out fires
why is the san andreas fault so dangerous?
the plates of the san andreas fault grind past each other horizontally at a rate of about 2 inches per year, and the slight motion can cause a few smaller shocks and tremors. however if the tension builds up it can lead to magnitude >7 earthquakes.
what is a way that is used to reduce pollution in cars and how does it work?
catalytic converter, which is part of the exhaust system of all cars. it seperates the molecules of harmful compounds produced by the engine such as nitrogen oxide into less harmful elements.
why are their so many volcanoes in the Philippines
The volcanoes of the Philippines are produced at the junction of the Philippines tectonic plate and the Eurasian plate. it is situated in the active "ring of fire", where tectonic plates collide and create volcanos very often.
how do earthquakes form tsunamis?
Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water (essentially an earthquake in water). When large areas of the sea floor elevate or subside, a tsunami can be created.
how are dams prepared against an earthquake?
inside of dams you have interlocking concrete blocks, which can flex so the dam moves instead of collapsing
how was the san andreas fault formed?
it formed when the Pacific Plate and the North America plate first ran into each other. The new configuration meant the two plates slid past one another instead of crashing into each other, a boundary called a strike-slip fault
how is smog formed?
The atmospheric pollutants or gases that form smog are released in the air when fuels are burnt. When sunlight and its heat react with these gases and fine particles in the atmosphere, smog is formed.